Surface area of clays

Carbon black is reinforced in polymer and mbber engineering as filler since many decades. Automotive and tmck tires are the best examples of exploitation of carbon black in mbber components. Wu and Wang [28] studied that the interaction between carbon black and mbber macromolecules is better than that of nanoclay and mbber macromolecules, the bound mbber content of SBR-clay nanocompound with 30 phr is still of high interest. This could be ascribed to the huge surface area of clay dispersed at nanometer level and the largest aspect ratio of silicate layers, which result in the increased silicate layer networking [29-32]. 

Reduction potential, 229 Sulfides, 260-271 See also Pyrite Oxidation, 229 Solubility, 48 Sulfur, 267 Sulfuric acid, 267 Surface acidity, 154-160 Surface area of clays, 115 Surface charge, 141, See Cation exchange ... 

Dyal, R.S. and Hendricks, S.B. (1950), Total Surface Area of Clays in Polar Liquids as a Characteristics Index. Soil Sci. 69 421-432. 

Methods for micro-measurement of surface areas include the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method (2), which relies on the adsorption of monolayers of gas, commonly nitrogen or argon, the adsorption of organic molecules such as ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) (10). and the use of infrared internal reflectance spectroscopy (11) which characterizes bonding of sorbed water. These last two techniques have been confined principally to surface areas of clay minerals. 

The high surface area of clays also makes them particularly attractive as catalyst and reagent supports. Discussion in this chapter will be largely confined to clay-based catalysts in which metal complexes or other ions are specifically incorporated in the clay matrix. Other clay-based catalytic materials will be discussed in Chapter 4. 

SURFACE AREAS OF CLAYS WITH EXPANDING LATTICES OR INCLUDING EXPANDING-LATTICE MATERIAL (from GREENLAND and QUIRK, 1962)... 

N is the mass flux of moisture S is the specific surface area of clay Vq is the specific volume of dry clay w is the moisture content with dry base y is the specific gravity of a clay particle Pp is the density of a clay particle fi is the viscosity of liquid water... 

Macht, R, K. Eusterhues, G. J. Pronk, and K. U. Totsche. 2011. Specific surface area of clay minerals Comparison between atomic force microscopy measurements and buUc-gas (N2) and -liquid (EGME) adsorption methods. Applied Clay Science 53, no. 1 20-26. doi 10.1016/j.clay.2011.04.006. 

Sanders, R. L., N. M. Washton, and K. T. Mueller. 2010. Measurement of the reactive surface area of clay minerals using solid-state NMR studies of a probe molecule. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 12 5491-5498. doi 10.1021/jp906132k. 

Diamond, S., and E. B. Kinter, 1958. Surface areas of clay minerals as derived from measurements of glycerol retention. Clays Clay Min. 5 334. 

Surface areas of clay minerals may be derived from vapor-phase adsorption isotherms by applying either the B.E.T. (Brunauer, Emmett, Teller) theory (Brunauer et al. [1937, 1938, 1945]) or the method by Harkins and Jura [1944]. 

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