Surface Analysis of Enzyme-Modified Electrodes

FIGURE 3.5 AFM images in liquid (tapping mode) of laccase on a screen-printed carbon electrode (a) height, (h) amphtude, and (c) expanded section showing enzyme molecules marked hy hlack dots. Scale har=50 nm. (Adapted with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2010, Elsevier.) 

2 Design of MCO-Modified Biocathodes Based on Direct Bioelectrocatalysis 

FIGURE 3.6 (a) Schematic of MCO immobilized to carbon electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles, (b) Surface as viewed by SEM and (c) enhancement of electrocatalytic activity as observed by oxygen reduction, with (dashed fine) and without (solid line) gold nanoparticles. (Adapted with permission from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2012, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.) 

FIGURE 3.7 (a) Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope image of a gas diffusion electrode, showing (1) the nickel mesh current collector, (2) the gas diffusion layer (carbon black/35 wt% PTFE), and (3) the MWCNT catalytic layer (3.5 Wt% PTFE). (b) Schematic representation of the three-phase interphase in a gas diffusion biocathode. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright 2011, WUey-VCH Verlag GmbH.) 

GDEs are widely used in various types of fuel cells and in metal-air batteries in which oxygen serves as the cathode oxidant, supplied from ambient air [71]. 

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