Supernatant waste form

Waste Content and LI for Contaminants and Bulk Components of Supernatant Waste Form. 

Waste Streams and Waste Forms Supernatant Sludge... 

The PCT was conducted on crushed waste form samples from supernatant and sludge. The fineness of the particles, compared with what is prescribed in the test procedure (see Section 17.4.1), was recognized from the beginning, and hence the actual measured... 

Normalized Leaching Rates (g/cm day) for the Matrix Components in the Supernatant and Sludge Waste Forms. 

Leaching of Mg is much lower than leaching of other components. This might be because, overall. Mg is not as mobile as K, Na, or NO3. Moreover, some of the MgO remains unreacted in the waste form, and its solubility in alkaline water is extremely low. Both the supernatant and sludge waste streams were highly alkaline, and hence, the waste forms must have increased the alkalinity of the leachate water. This aUcalinity will reduce the leaching level of Mg. 

In the United States, Hquid HLW from the reprocessing of defense program fuels was concentrated, neutralized with NaOH, and stored in underground, mild steel tanks pending soHdification and geologic disposal (see Tanks AND PRESSURE VESSELS). These wastes are a complex and chemically active slurry. Suspended in the supernatant Hquid are dissolver soHds which never went into solution, insoluble reaction products which formed in the tank, and salts which have exceeded their solubiHty limit. The kinetics of many of the reactions taking place are slow (years) so that the results of characterization... 

The OXAL process. The flow-sheet of the Oxal process is shown in Fig. 3. The denitration is carried out by slow addition of the waste solution to the boiling mixture of formic and oxalic acid. The presence of the oxalic acid during the denitration prevents the polymerisation and precipitation of hydrolysable ions such as Zr and Mo ions, and assures the precipitation of the RE and actinide oxalates from homogeneous solutions in a we 11-crystallized form. After clarification, the supernatant is sent to vitrification and the oxalates are dissolved and destroyed by nitric acid so that a final solution (3M HN03) is obtained. 

The proteins in 100 pi of serum are precipitated with 100 pi of 0.078 N sulphosalicyclic acid. Following centrifugation, 50 pi of the supernatant solution are injected into the sample loop (step A). The antibiotic is in protonated form. The injection valve is then turned so that the sample is transferred by pump 1 with acidic mobile phase to column 1 (step B). As this short column contains a cation exchanger, tobramycin is retained whilst most of the impurities are flushed to waste. Following this, the switching valve is turned (step C), starting the back-flushing of the antibiotic with basic mobile phase... 

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