Supercritical carbon dioxide , Suzuki coupling

Gordon and Holmes32 used a supported triphenylphosphine-Pd(II) complex as an effective catalyst for Heck and Suzuki couplings in supercritical carbon dioxide (entry 27). After optimization of the amine base for the reaction, the final products have been isolated in good yields and high purity with no traces of metal. 

Coupling reactions. The Suzuki coupling involving chloroarenes uses (dbajjPdj, /-BujP, and CsjCOj. For other coupling reactions (e.g., Stille coupling) good results are obtained in supercritical carbon dioxide. ... 

Suzuki-Miyaura coupling has also been conducted in a capillary reactor (400 i.m inner diameter).A commercial-scale continuous flow system consisting of a 14.5 cm x 25.4 mm column packed with Pd catalyst has also been developed. In this case, supercritical carbon dioxide is used as... 

Other biphasic C—C bonding reactions were carried out with fluorous solvents, for instance Suzuki- and Sonogashira-couplings [124] or ethene or propene oligomerizations [125, 126], Further new solvent systems use ionic liquids for the linear dimerisation of 1-butene to octenes [127] or the hydrovinylation of styrene with a combination ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide [128] (cf. Section 7.4). 

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