Superconducting tunnel junction

Ainong the first TFIz mixers to be constructed were those based on room-temperature Schottky diodes [11]. Over the past decade, new mixers based on superconducting tunnel junctions have been developed that have effective noise levels only a few tunes the quantum limit of [12]. Flowever, certain conditions... 

The promise of 3-D detectors The ideal detector would be able to measure the wavelength dimension of each photon in addition to the two spatial dimensions - a 3-D detector . There is progress being made on 3-D detectors - for example, the superconducting tunneling junction (STJ). However, at present, 3-D detectors are experimental and have only achieved limited wavelength resolution ( /5 < 25) with relatively slow count rates (few kHz per pixel) on a small number of pixels 100 j. Since these devices are experimental and are not being used... 

G. Westmacott, F. Zhong, M. Frank, S. Friedrich, S. E. Labov, and W. H. Benner. Investigating Ion-Surface Collisions with a Niobium Superconducting Tunnel Junction Detector in a Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14(2000) 600-607. 

Superconducting tube, 23 802 Superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs), 23 870-871 tantalum for, 23 829 Superconductivity, 23 801-881 applications of, 23 853 bulk materials applications for, 23 865-870 ceramics, 5 603-605 discovery of, 23 801 in fixed and stabilized levitation, 23 866-867... 

Hettl P, Angloher G, Feilitzsch F, Hohne J, Jochum J, Kraus H, Mossbauer RL (1999) High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with superconducting tunnel junctions. X-ray Spectrom 28 309-311 Injuk J, Van Grieken R, Klockenkamper R, von Bohlen A, Kump P (1997) Performance and Characteristics of two total-reflection X-ray fluorescence and a particle induced X-ray emission setup for aerosol analysis. Spectrochim Acta 52 977-984... 

Benner, W. H., Horn, D. M., Jaklevic, J. M., Frank, M., Mears, C., Labov, S., and Barfknecht, A. T., Simultaneous Measurement of Flight Time and Energy of Large Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Ions with a Superconducting Tunnel Junction Detector, /. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 8, 1094, 1997. 

Figure 10.1, High-mass MALDI spectrum recorded using a superconducting tunnel junction detector. In addition to the mass spectrum (a), the detector records ion kinetic energies (b), enabling one to distinguish multiply charged ions and metastables.

ZH Barber, MG Blamire, NJ Dawes. Postfabrication resistance trimming of a superconducting tunnel junction using a focused ion beam. J Vac Sci Technol B13 318, 1995. 

WR McGrath, JA Stern, HHS Javadi, SR Cypher, BD Hunf HG LeDuc. Performance of NhN superconductive tunnel junctions as SIS mixers at 205 GHz. IEEE Trans Magn 27 2650, 1991. 

GG Saulnief, RA Zacher, GG Fritz, B Hunf HG LeDuc, A Judas. NbN/MgO/NbN superconducting tunnel junctions as X-ray detectors. J Low Temp Phys 93 653, 1993. 

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