Superabsorbent polymers synthesis

Parvathy, PC. Jyothi, A. N. Synthesis, eharaeterization and swelling behaviour of superabsorbent polymers from eassava starch-graft-poly(aerylamide). Starch/Starke 64(3) 207-218 (2012). 

The swelling ratio of any superabsorbent polymer depends directly on the cross-link density imposed during synthesis. The actual cross-link density often differs from the stoichiometry of reagents employed on account of inefficient incorporation of cross-linker, poor reactivity of cross-linker relative to acrylic acid, and the functionality (number of reactive oleflnic groups) of the cross-linker molecule. 

Yu, C., Yun-Fei, L., Huan-Lin, T., Hui-Min, T. (2010). Study of carboxymethyl chitosan based polyampholyte superabsorbent polymer I optimization of synthesis conditions and pH sensitive property study of carboxymethyl chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-dimethyldi-allylammonium chloride) superabsorbent polymer. Carbohydrate Polymers, 81, 365-371. 

As already described, superabsorbency criteria depend on the absorbent s properties, the absorption measurement method and use method, and the conditions under which it is used with other materials. Therefore in this section we will not define superabsorbency as the maximum absorption of water with respect to the weight of the absorbent. Rather, it will be defined as optimum water absorption based on the purpose of the application. Employing this definition, we will discuss the synthesis of superabsorbent polymers, measurement of water absorption, absorbency and its water absorption characteristics, change of the required properties for superabsorbency in the main areas of, health applications, other superabsorbency of industrial materials, and moisture absorption of general superabsorbent polymers. 

Li A, Wang AQ, Chen JM (2004) Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite. I. Synthesis and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 92 1596-1603... 

Chen J, Ding S, Jin Y, Wu J (2013) Semidry synthesis of the poly(acrylic acid)/palygorskite superabsorbent with high-percentage clay via a freeze-thaw-extrasion process. J Appl Polym Sci 128 1779-1784... 

Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang A (2007) Synthesis and characterization of chitosang-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composites. Carbohydr Polym 68 367-374... 

Suda K, KanlayaM, Manit S (2002) Synthesis and property characterization of cassava starch grafted poly[acrylamide-co-(maleic acid)] superabsorbent via-y irradiation. Polymer 43 3915-3924 Tabi T, Kovacs JG (2007) Examination of injection molded thermoplastic maize starch. Express Polym Lett 1 804-809... 

James HM, Guth E (1943) Theory of the elastic properties of rubber. J Chem Phys 11(10) 455-481 Kabiri K, Omidian H, Hashemi SA, Zohuriaan-Mehr Ml (2003) Synthesis of fast-swelling superabsorbent hydrogels effect of crosslinker type and concentration on porosity and absorption rate. Eur Polym J 39(7) 1341-1348... 

Professor Lechner has a PhD in chemistry from the University of Mainz, Germany. Since 1975 he is Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Institute of Chemistry of the University of Osnabriick, Germany. His scientific work concentrates on the physics and chemistry of polymers. In this area he is mainly working on the influence of high pressure on polymer systems, polymers for optical storage and waveguides as well as synthesis and properties of superabsorbers from renewable resources. 

A.L. Suo, J.M. Qian, Y. Yao and WG. Zhang, Synthesis and properties of carboxymethyl ceUulose- rfl7i-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) as a novel cellulose-based superabsorbent, 7. Appl. Polym. Sci 103 (3) 1382-1388, 2007. 

Askari F, Naflsi S, Omidian H, et al. Synthesis and characterization of acryhc-based superabsorbents. J Appl Polym Sci 1993 50 1851-5. 

Pourjavadi, A., Amini-Fazl, M.S. Optimized synthesis of carrageenan-graft-poly (sodium acrylate) superabsorbent hydrogel using the Taguchi method and investigation of its metal ion absorption. Polym. Int. 56(2), 283-289 (2007)... 

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