Summary problems remaining

To complement the discussion of problems and prior pubHcation in the background of the invention, N, the inventor may generally provide a summary of the invention disclosed in the instant patent. The summary of the invention, O, should provide an explanation of the invention in the broadest and simplest terms and should also discuss how the invention disclosed in the patent solves problems remaining in prior work in this area of technology. 

Example The dew point is defined an all-vapor system except for one very small increment of liquid. Now take the feed again, and consider the fact that this is a flash-off crude still sidestream vapor at 20 psig (34.7 psia). The dew point is to be determined to set the proper sidestream stripper overhead temperature for this desired product. This problem is worked similarly to the bubble point. Simply hold the pressure (34.7 psia) constant, and vary the temperature. Note that when you find the temperature at which just a small amount of liquid is formed, the sign SYSTEM IS ALL VAPOR goes off and the flash component summary appears. Note also that the previous flash summary will remain on the screen (if you had a previous run) until you input a flash zone temperature and click on Run Prog. 

In summary, the methods developed using ICPES and IC, and other thermal decomposition procedures for metals and nonmetals, are now routinely used at Exxon s Baytown Research and Development Division for the characterization of a large number of oil shales and shale products with precision and accuracy of 1-5 percent. Problems remain with the determinations of nitrogen and sulfur forms in oil shales. 

In summary, management of HLW and long lived low and intermediate level waste has made considerable progress. Spent fuel and stored HLLW, at least from the commercial nuclear fuel cycle, remain under control and containment. There have been, however, serious problems with HLW from military reprocessing. Solving these problems remains a major challenge. 

In summary, it remains to say that TC polycondensations are not fully understood as long as the problem of the crIMC phenomenon is not definitely solved. This problem is particularly important because technical polycondensates such as Nylon-6, Nylon-6,6, PET, and PBT are produced at an IMC clearly above the crIMC. 

In summary, the branch-and-bound algorithm as defined in this chapter assumes that the semantics of objective function, feasibility, and branching operation are fixed with respect to the problem class. As long as their interpretations are not changed, the derived equivalence and dominance rules would remain valid. 

These remarks represent only the barest outline of at least two aspects of PVC degradation which have been the focus of attention for several years and remain incompletely understood namely the mechanism involved and the related problem of the involvement of HC1. Several excellent reviews give more comprehensive summaries of the earlier work (10, 11, 12). More recent work has made it clear that under appropriate conditions the presence of HC1 can affect the initiation, propagation and termination steps as well as influencing the distribution of polyene sequence lengths. In addition it can undergo photochemical addition reactions with the polyenes, i.e. the reverse of the dehydrochlorination process, as well as forming colored polyene/HCl complexes. These various possibilities will be considered in turn. 

In summary, much has been done and much remains to be done in the area of polymer modification. Significant problems await solution. 

In summary, the use of mass spectrometric methods, combined with various approaches to vaporizing and ionizing the particles, is gaining increasing popularity and interest for the analysis of continuous sources of particles or single particles. The problem of quantification of the components seen by single-particle laser ionization techniques remains to be solved. On the other hand, the vaporization approaches can provide quantitative data on some volatile and semivolatile components but cannot measure the nonvolatile species and, at present, do not provide a full mass spectrum for a single particle. 

In the MPD-SAR study, the USEPA and the European Union compared the predicted and measured ECs for the European Union s new chemicals. The measured ECs were those reported in the European Union s MPD set of experimental toxicity summaries. When the USEPA-predicted ECs for fish and daphnid acute toxicity values were compared to the appropriate MPD-measured acute values, there was, respectively, 77% and 59% agreement, 7% and 19% underprediction, and 16% to 23% overprediction by the USEPA. Potential reasons for the under- and overprediction were investigated, and 17 of the underpredictions and 21 of the overpredictions remained unresolved. Therefore, studies that had potential problems were eliminated, and the analysis was repeated. The highest quality subset of the data indicated 87% and 79% agreement between predictions and measured values. 

In summary, failure to detect a rigidly achiral presentation does not mean that such a presentation cannot be found among the infinitely many presentations of a knot failure to interconvert enantiomorphous presentations by ambient isotopy does not exclude the possibility that an interconversion pathway can be found among the infinitely many pathways that are available and a palindromic knot polynomial does not necessarily mean that the knot is amphicheiral. Consequently, it may be impossible in certain cases to determine with complete certainty whether a knot is topologically chiral or not. The fundamental task of the theory of knots was stated over a hundred years ago by its foremost pioneer Given the number of its double points, to find all the essentially different forms which a closed curve can assume. 15 Yet to find invariants that will definitively determine whether or not a knot is chiral remains an unsolved problem to this day.63a Vassiliev invariants have been conjectured to be such perfect invariants.63b... 

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