Sulfur sensor

Hong, Y.R. et al., An application of the electrochemical sulfur sensor in steehnaking,... 

Ionic conductivity is used in oxygen sensors and in batteries (qv). Stabilized zirconia, Zr Ca 02 has a very large number of oxygen vacancies and very high conductivity. P-Alurnina/72(9(9j5 -4< -(y, NaAl O y, is an excellent cation conductor because of the high mobiUty of Na" ions. Ceramics of P-alurnina are used as the electrolyte in sodium-sulfur batteries. 

In summaiy, diesel fuel with veiy low to no sulfur content is now possible with chemical and technological advances. Along with catalytic converters, electronic fuel systems, and sensors, the diesel engine for the new millennium will he capable of complying with ever more stringent EPA exliaust emissions. The diesel engine will continue to sei"ve as the main global workliorse for all of the many thousands of different applications of its power cycle. 

By using different membranes, it is possible to obtain potentiometric sensors for gases such as sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide. Such sensors employ similar (acid-base) or other equilibrium processes. These devices, along with their equilibrium processes and internal electrodes, are summarized in Table 6-2. Membrane coverage... 

Masset P, Guidotti RA (2008) Thermal activated ( thermal ) battery technology Part Illb. Sulfur and oxide-based cathode materials. J Power Sources 178 456-466 Janata J (1992) Chemical sensors. Anal Chem 64 196-219... 

A simplification of the polarization resistance technique is the linear polarization technique in which it is assumed that the relationship between E and i is linear in a narrow range around E . Usually only two points ( , 0 are measured and B is assumed to have a constant value of about 20 mV. This approach is used in field tests and forms the basis of commercial corrosion rate monitors. Rp can also be determined as the dc limit of the electrochemical impedance. Mansfeld et al. used the linear polarization technique to determine Rp for mild steel sensors embedded in concrete exposed to a sewer environment for about 9 months. One sensor was periodically flushed with sewage in an attempt to remove the sulfuric acid produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within a biofilm another sensor was used as a control. A data logging system collected Rp at 10-min intervals simultaneously for the two corrosion sensors and two pH electrodes placed at the concrete surface. Figure 2 shows the cumulative corrosion loss (Z INT) obtained by integration of the MRp time curves as ... 

Anon., CISHC Chem. Safety Summ., 1984, 55(218), 34-35 Diethylamine fumes from a reactor were usually absorbed in a glass scrubber through which sulfuric acid was circulated, but an unresolved fault in the level sensor caused the acid circulation pump to operate intermittently. While the pump was not running, amine fumes condensed in the dip pipe, forming a sohd crust (of the sulfate) which allowed a quantity of condensed amine to accumulate out of contact with the acid. When the pump was restarted, the neutralisation exotherm was sufficient to shatter the scrubber and distort the mesh guard around it. 

Stangelmayer A., Klimant I., Wolfbeis O.S., Optical sensors for dissolved sulfur dioxide, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1998 362 73. 

Acoustic wave sensors are also used to detect nerve and blister agents. The surface acoustic wave chemical agent detector (SAW Mini-CAD) is a commercially available, pocket-sized instrument that can monitor for trace levels of toxic vapors of sulfur-based mustard agents (e.g., distilled mustard) and G nerve agents (e.g., tabun, sarin, soman) with a high degree of specificity. Colorimetric tubes are the... 

---