Sulfur molten, density

The Earth s core is composed of iron-nickel alloy, with an inner solid core surrounded by a molten outer core. A mismatch between the inferred density of the outer core and that predicted for iron-nickel metal at high pressure suggests that some light elements) must dilute the iron in the molten core. Some possibilities are oxygen, sulfur, silicon, and hydrogen, all elements with high cosmic abundances that can alloy with iron at very high... 

A sulfur well consists of a casing and three concentric pipes reaching into the sulfurbearing strata. The outer 8- to 10-in. pipe carries 165°C water pumped into the formation to melt the sulfur. An inner cement-lined 3- to 6-in. pipe is used to transport the melted sulfur to the surface. Compressed air is passed through the 1-in. tube in the center to air lift the sulfur. Without the air lift the molten sulfur would rise only part way in the middle pipe. The compressed air produces a low-density sulfur froth that rises to the surface. 

Molten sulfur has a viscosity (-0.01 kg m 1 s 1, 400-420 K, Fig. 3.2) about ten times that of water (-0.001 kg m 1 s 1, 293 K). Its density is 1.8 kg/m3. It is easily moved in steam jacketed steel pipes (Jondle and Hombaker, 2004). Steam heated pumps much like that in Fig. 9.2 are used. Molten sulfur is an excellent lubricant at 410 K. Sulfur pump impellers need no additional lubrication. 

C) molten in the return pipe, which is jacketed by it. At the same time the heated compressed air continues to agitate the mixture in the formation, and by means of the air lift principle (Fig. 9.5) and some air incorporation into the sulfur, assists in bringing slugs of molten sulfur (density 2.0g/cm ) with water to the surface. 

Large underground deposits are the principal source of elemental sulfur. The Frasch process, illustrated in Figure 22.23 A, is used to obtain the element from these deposits. The method is based on the low melting point and low density of sulfur. Superheated water is forced into the deposit, where it melts the sulfur. Compressed air then forces the molten sulfur up a pipe to the surface above, where the sulfur cools and solidifies. 

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