Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives

There has been only one change of author since last year. We welcome Dr C. Bedford as author of Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric and Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives. He replaces Dr W.J. Spillane, whose major contribution to the series, through provision of expert reviews since 1983, we wish to acknowledge. 

Types of compounds are arranged according to the following system hydrocarbons and basic heterocycles hydroxy compounds and their ethers mercapto compounds, sulfides, disulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones, sulfenic, sulfinic and sulfonic acids and their derivatives amines, hydroxylamines, hydrazines, hydrazo and azo compounds carbonyl compounds and their functional derivatives carboxylic acids and their functional derivatives and organometallics. In each chapter, halogen, nitroso, nitro, diazo and azido compounds follow the parent compounds as their substitution derivatives. More detail is indicated in the table of contents. In polyfunctional derivatives reduction of a particular function is mentioned in the place of the highest functionality. Reduction of acrylic acid, for example, is described in the chapter on acids rather than functionalized ethylene, and reduction of ethyl acetoacetate is discussed in the chapter on esters rather than in the chapter on ketones. 

Substituents attached to a heterocyclic ring through a sulfur atom exist in wider variety than those through oxygen. Besides the simple thio analogues—the thiols (mercaptans), thioethers, thioesters and the like—they include compounds of various higher oxidation states of sulfur, including sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfinic and sulfonic acids and their derivatives. 

SULFONES, SULFOXIDES, SULFONIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES... 

During this time, the total synthesis of several marine sulfur-containing natural products cited in this review has been reported and they confirmed the suggested structures. This is the case of the synthesis of some sulfonoceramides (e.g. flavocristamide A (318) discussed in the sulfonic acid and their derivatives section [366], and the synthesis of the thiazole-containing compounds bistratamide D (381) [367], trunkamide (388) [368], mollamide (393) [369], dolastatin I (409) [370], and virenamide B (414) [371]. 

The IR spectra of cis- and nms-octahydrobenzo[6]thiophene have been recorded.27 IR data have been given for several benzo[6]thio-phene sulfonic acids and their derivatives.86... 

Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric and Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives... 

If amino azo compounds which contain 1-naphthylamine or 1-naphthylamine-6- or -7-sulfonic acid as their middle component are coupled with 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid and their derivatives blue paper dyes such as C.I. Direct Blue 71, 34140 [4399-55-5] (16) are obtained, which have good lightfastness but generally a slightly dull shade. 

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