Sulfones, alkylation boronic acids

Fuel additives - [AMNES-CYCLOALIPHATIC AMINES] (Vol 2) - [SULFONIC ACIDS] (Vol 23) -arsenic compds as [ARSENIC COMPOUNDS] (Vol 3) -boron compds as [BORON COMPOUNDS - BORIC ACID ESTERS] (Vol 4) -coordination compounds as [COORDINATION COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7) -ethers m [ETHERS] (Vol 9) -magnesium alkyls as [MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 15) -polyamines as [DIAMINES AND HIGHER AMINES ALIPHATIC] (Vol 8) -htanates as [TITANIUM COMPOUNDS - ORGANIC] (Vol 24) -use of copper compounds [COPPER COMPOUNDS] (Vol 7)... 

Alkylphenol. Alkylphenol is a common surfactant intermediate used to produce alkylphenol ethoxylates. Phenol reacts with an olefin thermally without a catalyst but with relatively poor yields. Catalysts for the reaction include sulfuric acid p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), strong acid resins, and boron trifluoride (BF3). Of these, strong acid resins and BF3 are mostly widely used for the production of surfactant-grade alkylphenols. The most common alkylphenols are octylphenol, nonylphenol, and dodecylphe-nol. Mono nonylphenol (MNP) is by far the most common hydrophobe. It is produced by the alkylation of phenol with nonene under acid conditions. All commercially produced MNP is made with nonene based on propylene trimer. Because of the skeletal rearrangements that occur during propylene oligomerization, MNP is a complex mixture of branched isomers. 

Liquid phase isobutane/butene-2 alkylation was conducted at 0 -60°c using a stirred-tank reactor in the presence of a catalyst comprising of a macro-reticular acid cation exchange resin and boron trifluoride. Neither BF3 nor resin alone was effective for alkylation. For the sulfonic acid resin/BF3 sys-... 

Production of alpha-terpinyl alkyl ethers Beta Excellent yields in continuous reactor Eliminates use of HCl, H2SO4, AICI3, toluene, sulfonic acid, boron trifluoride etherate, and acidic cation resins as catalysts... 

ALLILE (CLORURO di) (Italian) (107-05-1) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point -20°F/-29°C). Violent polymerization and explosion may occur from elevated temperatures, light, acid catalysts, ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, Lewis acids, or Ziegler catalysts, finely divided metals. Violent reaction with oxidizers, alkyl aluminum chlorides. Incompatible with strong acids, oleum, amines, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, chloro-sulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide. Slow decomposition with moisture. Attacks some coatings, plastics, and rubber. Corrosive to steel. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

Liquid, mp 2.2°, bpjj 100-101. njf 1,5733, pKa 3,58. The base neutralizes HCI but does not react with alkyl halides or boron trifluoride. Undergoes nuclear sulfonatlon with sulfur trioxide forming a sulfonic acid, Cl3H2,NSOy mp 310° (decompn),... 

Reaction of phenols and olefins may lead to ether formation and to nuclear alkylation catalysts are mineral acids, sulfonic acids, or boron trifluoride. Ethers are formed at lower temperatures, C-alkylation occurs by rearrangement at higher temperatures.156,157... 

Chloramine and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid react trialkyIboranes to furnish alkylamines (20) via a 1,2-alkyl shift from boron to nitrogen. N-Chlorodialkylamines promote an exchange reaction (21) in the direction opposite to that effected by chloramine. 

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