Sulfide, nitril

Keywords 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, sulfide, nitrile, pyridine, urea-hydrogen peroxide complex, catechol, sulfoxide, sulfuric ester, amide, pyridine-/V-oxidc... 

ESPSN Sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide nitrile)... 

A similar approach has been reported by Lee and coworkers. Sulfonated polyCphenylene sulfide nitrile) (ESPSN) random copolymers were snccessfully converted to cross-linked polymers by the thermal trimerization of the ethynyl moiety at 250°C for 4 h (Scheme 4.22) [55]. The XESPSN50 and 60 membranes exhibited suitable WU and "k values and an excellent oxidative stability. 

Hydrogen sulfide reacts with nitriles in the presence of a basic catalyst forming thioamides. A commercial example is its addition to cyanamide with the formation of thiourea [62-56-6]. ... 

Other modifications of the polyamines include limited addition of alkylene oxide to yield the corresponding hydroxyalkyl derivatives (225) and cyanoethylation of DETA or TETA, usuaHy by reaction with acrylonitrile [107-13-1/, to give derivatives providing longer pot Hfe and better wetting of glass (226). Also included are ketimines, made by the reaction of EDA with acetone for example. These derivatives can also be hydrogenated, as in the case of the equimolar adducts of DETA and methyl isobutyl ketone [108-10-1] or methyl isoamyl ketone [110-12-3] (221 or used as is to provide moisture cure performance. Mannich bases prepared from a phenol, formaldehyde and a polyamine are also used, such as the hardener prepared from cresol, DETA, and formaldehyde (228). Other modifications of polyamines for use as epoxy hardeners include reaction with aldehydes (229), epoxidized fatty nitriles (230), aromatic monoisocyanates (231), or propylene sulfide [1072-43-1] (232). 

Thermal reactions of 1,4,2-dioxa-, 1,4,2-oxathia- and 1,4,2-dithia-azoles are summarized in Scheme 1. The reactive intermediates generated in these thermolyses can often be trapped, e.g. the nitrile sulfide dipole with DMAD. 

Nickel peroxide is a solid, insoluble oxidant prepared by reaction of nickel (II) salts with hypochlorite or ozone in aqueous alkaline solution. This reagent when used in nonpolar medium is similar to, but more reactive than, activated manganese dioxide in selectively oxidizing allylic or acetylenic alcohols. It also reacts rapidly with amines, phenols, hydrazones and sulfides so that selective oxidation of allylic alcohols in the presence of these functionalities may not be possible. In basic media the oxidizing power of nickel peroxide is increased and saturated primary alcohols can be oxidized directly to carboxylic acids. In the presence of ammonia at —20°, primary allylic alcohols give amides while at elevated temperatures nitriles are formed. At elevated temperatures efficient cleavage of a-glycols, a-ketols... 

C. Wenti up and P. Kamhouris, N-Sulfides Dinitrogen Sulfide, Thiofulminic Acid and Nitrile Sulfides, Chem. Rev., 91, 363 (1991). 

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