Sulfate-reducing archaea

Thamdrap B, Finster K, Hansen JW, Bak F (1993) Bacterial disproportionation of elemental sulfur coupled to chemical reduction of iron or manganese. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 101-108 Thauer RK, Kunow J (1995) Sulfate-Reducing Archaea. In Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria. LL Barton (ed) Plenum Press, New York, p 33-48... 

This key enzyme of the dissimilatory sulfate reduction was isolated from all Desulfovibrio strains studied until now 135), and from some sulfur oxidizing bacteria and thermophilic Archaea 136, 137). The enzymes isolated from sulfate-reducing bacteria contain two [4Fe-4S] clusters and a flavin group (FAD) as demonstrated by visible, EPR, and Mossbauer spectroscopies. With a total molecular mass ranging from 150 to 220 kDa, APS reductases have a subunit composition of the type 012)32 or 02)3. The subunit molecular mass is approximately 70 and 20 kDa for the a and )3 subunits, respectively. Amino-acid sequence data suggest that both iron-sulfur clusters are located in the (3 subunit... 

Girguis PR, AE Cozen, EF Delong (2005) Growth and population dynamics of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria in a continuous-flow reactor. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 3725-3733. 

There has been considerable interest in the anaerobic metabolism of methane in the large reservoirs that lie beneath the seafloor, since little of this reaches the oxic conditions in the water column. Consortia of archaea that have so far resisted isolation and sulfate-reducing bacteria have been implicated (Orphan et al. 2002) ... 

Two types of SORs have been firstly described by Lombard et al. [44] and Jenney et al. [45]. The first one is a small protein called desulfoferrodoxin (Dfx) found in anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfoarculus baarsii containing two protein domains iron center I and iron center II [44]. Iron center II is supposed to be responsible for the superoxide reducing activity. Another SOR has been isolated from anerobic archaea, Pyrococcus furiosus, which has a unique mononuclear iron center [45], Lombard et al. [46] and Jovanovic et al. [47] also demonstrated that the Treponema pallidum protein of T. pallidum belongs to a new class of SORs. 

Orphan, V. J., Hinrichs, K.-U., Ussier, W. Ill et al. (2001). Comparative analysis of methane oxidizing Archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria in anoxic marine sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 1922-34. 

The sulfur- and sulfate-reducing microorganisms represent a large and diverse group that is strictly anaerobic. Most are eubacteria, but several archaea that reduce sulfur have also been described. 

The archaea are known to comprise four quite distinct general phenotypes the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, a loosely defined thermophilic ( sulfur-dependent ) type, and thermophilic sulfate reducers [6]. In that these phenotypes will be thoroughly discussed in other chapters of this book, they will not be detailed here. The four major phenotypes do not correspond to four distinct taxa of equivalent rank, however. Phylogenetic relationships among the four are more complex than this, and suggest particular evolutionary relationships among the phenotypes. 

Scholten J. C. M., Murrell J. C., and Kelly D. P. (2003) Growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea with methylated sulfur compounds a commentary on the thermodynamic aspects. Arc/i. Microbiol. 179, 135-144. 

Chen, L.M. and Chen, J.D. (2001) Use of 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes to monitor sulfate-reducing bacteria, archaea and Fe(II) oxidizer in the Okinawa Trough basin. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Supplement S May, 319-332. 

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