Urinary sulfate excretion, various

Less than 5% of thorium was excreted in the urine up to 42 days after intravenous injection of thorium-234 sulfate in rats and guinea pigs (Scott et al. 1952). After intravenous injection, the amount of thorium excreted in the feces was 0.7-24.5% of the level administered for 14-42 days in rats, 0.6 and 14.6% for 2 and 5 days in guinea pigs, and 0.9% for 7 days in rabbits. In dogs injected with thorium-228 citrate, urinary excretion dominated initially, but after 2.5 years, the fecal to urinary ratio approximated 1.0 (Stover 1981 Stover et al. 1960). Thomas et al. (1963) reported the excretion of thorium citrate administered as thorium-234 tracer plus thorium-232 carrier in rats. No differences were found in the rate and route of excretion following various routes of administration (intravenous, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, and intramuscular). In the first 2 days, 25-30% of the thorium was excreted. Most of the thorium was excreted in the feces and not in the urine. At a high exposure level, the feces/urine ratio was 45 and at a low level, it was 1.6. This indicates that at the... 

Some disorders may cause an abnormal excretion of GAGs in urine. Among those are various bone diseases, connective tissue diseases, hypothyroidism, urinary dysfunction, and aspartylglucosaminuria. Faint spots for keratan sulfate can also be found in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia as well as in type II mucohpidoses, where traces of dermatan sulfate may additionally be visible. Furthermore, heparin and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Trometamol) can interfere with electrophoretic patterns [56]. To provide a good interpretation of results the clinical features of the patient and the current therapy have to be known. Furthermore, a study of the urin-... 

Steroids - The metabolism of orally administered ethynylestradiol-6,7- H (EE) and its SjT- H-S-cyclopentyl-l- C ether (EECPE) was studied in patients with externalized bile ducts.EECPE was cleaved either to EE amd cyclopentanol derivatives (urinary products) or to various conjugation products of compounds containing an intact cyclopentyl ether linkage (urinary and biliary products). In patients given EE, the unaltered compound was the main excretory product in the glucuronide and sulfate fractions of urine and bile, other more polar metabolites were also excreted, two of them presumed to be 6a-hydroxy EE and 6a-hydroxy EECPE. 

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