Sugar types

Burger, K. Nagy, L. Metal complexes of carbohydrates and sugar-type ligands. In Burger, K. (Ed.), Biocoordination Chemistry, Chichester, Ellis Horwood, 1990 Chapter VI, p. 236. 

Sugar Type Abbreviation Nucleotide Sugar Comments... 

The advantage of this approach to liposome conjugation is that the linkage between the lectin complex and the membrane bilayer is noncovalent and reversible. The addition of a saccharide containing the proper sequence or sugar type recognized by the lectin breaks the binding... 

A large series of lactones was thus prepared, with variations in the sugar type, the anomeric configuration, mono- or disaccharides, and benzyl protected lactones. The potential of these lactones is illustrated in the... 

Figure 1.15 gives an overview of the main constituents of non food biomass. There are three components Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are built form sugar-type monomers, but their cost-effective isolation through enzymatic depolymerization remains a challenge. 

Chapters 6 and 7 cover sugar-type chemistry, focusing on aldol and glycosylation methods which can offer substantial advantages over traditional chemical approaches. 

The scope of the present article comprises syntheses of sugar-type compounds containing four or more carbon atoms, an aldehyde or a ketone group, and a minimum of two hydroxyl groups (or their equivalents, such as amino or thiol groups) at least one of them being bound to a center of chirality. The subject of aldol-type reactions of formaldehyde and two- or three-carbon atom hydroxy aldehydes and hydroxy ketones has been omitted a comprehensive discussion of this topic, including a historical survey, has appeared in this Series.5... 

S. franciscanus (APTT of 2IUmg l, 100-fold less active than UFH), as the anti-Xa activity has a relatively minor influence on the APTT. This is an illustrative and typical example of a sugar-type-dependent biological effect of polysaccharides. 

Geminal Doubly Branched-Chain Sugars (Type IV)... 

Widely used additives as chlorides (NaCl, KC1) and/or bicarbonates (NaHC03, KHC03), which affect the solubility of Ca and other species, increase ionic strengths and increase the activity of the (bi-)carbonate ions. Sugar-type additives have also been used. Phosphor in the feedstock ends up less in the product when bicarbonate additives are used. 

Effect of Sugar Type on Rate of Fluorescence Development Because of the quasi-linear initial rate, relative initial rate is defined in this study as Fl/hour expressed in arbitrary units. This is obtained from the 30-min observation. Maximum AFI (AFImax i-s t le maximum excess over blank at any time in the experimental run for a given sugar. 

We have studied the effect of sugar type and water activity on rate of fluorescence development. As expected, rate increases with surface concentration on the polyamide, but since this parameter is not well defined in our system, we have not studied its effects in detail. The effect of temperature has also not been studied. 

Table II shows similar relative rates and AFImax measured over saturated aqueous NaCl (water activity 0.76). Limited studies were also made over saturated KI solutions (water activity 0.60). Rate was somewhat greater at the higher water activity, but there was not sufficient difference to warrant further comparative study. The same relative rate order for sugar type occurs over NaCl as over water. Table III reports similar studies over activated silica. The experimental scheme does not permit rigid water activity control at near zero activity, but it is clear that rates are much lower and that the same relative rate order for pentose and hexose sugars is preserved, although the differences are much less pronounced. The triose is relatively less reactive here.

Natural examples for conversion of light energy are plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria that used light to synthesize organic sugar-type compounds through photosynthesis. 

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