Sugars ethanol derived from

Such a country is Brazil. Burdened under a massive balance of payments deficit due mainly to a lack of any petroleum reserves, Brazilians have been looking to other fuel sources for some time. Already some Brazilian gasoline contains a substantial percentage of ethanol derived from biomass fermentation (principally sugar cane bagasse and molasses). 

The use of lignocellulosic materials from agricultural crops for the production of fuels and chemicals has received a considerable amount of interest recently and is a major part of the Advanced Energy Initiative outlined by the President of the United States in both the 2006 and 2007 State of the Union addresses [1]. Currently, ethanol derived from biomass is produced by the conversion of either sugar or starch containing crops. The production of... 

These preliminary calculations indicate that ethanol by fermentation of sugarcane juice is close to equivalence with ethanol derived from petrole mi or natural gas liquids at 1.15/gal. As described above, the competitiveness of sugarcane with the nonrenewable resources depends heavily on the cost of the fermentable sugars. If one had to purchase molasses on the open market, the venture could be in deep trouble during times of high molasses prices, occasioned, perhaps, by a corn crop failure. 

Weinberg, J., Kaltschmitt, M., 2013. Greenhoude gas emissions from first generation ethanol derived from wheat and sugar beet in Germany — analysis and comparison of advanced by-product utilization pathways. Applied Energy 102, 131—139. 

Steam treatment of an industrial process stream, denoted starch-free wheat fiber, was investigated to improve the formation of monomeric sugars in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis for further bioconversion into ethanol. The solid fraction in the process stream, derived from a combined starch and ethanol factory, was rich in arabinose (21.1%), xylose (30.1%), and glucose (18.6%), in the form of polysaccharides. Various conditions of steam pretreatment (170-220°C for 5-30 min) were evaluated, and their effect was assessed by enzymatic hydrolysis with 2 g of Celluclast + Ultraflo mixture/ 100 g of starch-free fiber (SFF) slurry at 5% dry matter (DM). The highest overall sugar yield for the combined steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, 52 g/100 g of DM of SFF, corresponding to 74% of the theoretical, was achieved with pretreatment at 190°C for 10 min followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. 

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