Sugars Disaccharides, Carbohydrates

Digestible carbohydrates include simple sugars, disaccharides, and polysaccharides (such as starches). 

Kiso, M, Anderson, L, Synthesis of disaccharides by the ferric chloride-catalyzed coupling of 2-acylamido-2-deoxy-P-D-glucopyranose 1-acetates to protected sugar acceptors, Carbohydr. Res., 72, C15-C17, 1979. 

Maltose is a disaccharide carbohydrate widely used in foods and pharmaceuticals. In parenteral products, maltose may be used as a source of sugar, particularly for diabetic patients. 

Sugars Common carbohydrates are monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose), trisaccharides (raffinose), and polysaccharides (starch). HPLC offers a direct, quantitative method for simple sugars, which requires a specialty cationic resin-based column and refractive index or evaporative light scattering detection.7,8 UV detection at low wavelengths (195 nm) can be used but is more prone to interferences.8... 

Carbohydrates are divided into groups depending on how many monomers are combined by condensation polymerization monosaccharides (Latin saccharum, sugar ), disaccharides, trisaccharides (etc.), and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that cannot be broken down into smaller carbohydrate units by acid hydrolysis. In contrast, hydrolysis of a disaccharide or trisaccharide yields two or three monosaccharides (either the same or different), while complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide produces many monosaccharides (sometimes thousands of them). 

Complex sugars are carbohydrates, which are composed of two or more sugars joined together by oxygen bridges. These can be hydrolysed into then-component sugars (e.g. sucrose is a disaccharide which is hydrolysed to one... 

Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (two monosaccharide units), or polysaccharides (many monosaccharide units). 

An enzyme which splits double sugars (disaccharides) such as lactose, maltose, and sucrose into single sugar units (monosaccharides) such eis fructose, galactose, and glucose. (Also see CARBOHYDRATE[S].)... 

Mono- or disaccharide carbohydrates are the substrate for the majority of industrial fermentations. Carbohydrates are reduced in a series of reactions, known as glycolysis, that result in the production of two moles of pyruvate (Figure 7.1). In glycolysis sugars are degraded to produce ATP, NADH, and pyruvate (Pyr) by the overall reaction ... 

There are three types of carbohydrate starch, non-starch polysaccharide and sugars. Of the simple sugars, disaccharides such as sucrose, maltose and lactose are far more abundant in the diet than monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose. All forms of carbohydrate that can be digested and absorbed can be converted to glycogen for storage in liver or skeletal muscle. 

Disacchandes are carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on hydroly SIS Structurally disaccharides are glycosides m which the alkoxy group attached to the anomeric carbon is derived from a second sugar molecule... 

---