Sugar cane cells

Maretzki, a., and M. Them Arginine and lysine transport in sugar-cane cell suspension cultures. Biochemistry 9,2731 (1970). 

The species commonly encountered in sugar-cane juice is Leuconostoc esenteroides. The cells are surrounded by a thick, gelatinous, colorless polysaccharide consisting of dextran (glucose poiymer). 

At least some ferulic acid units in the cell walls of vegetative parts of sugar cane, maize and barley are esterified via the carboxyl group to arabinose units (12-14). This was established by treatment of these... 

The sugar-cane in a state of maturity is usually from six to fifteen feet in length, and from one and a half to two inches in diameter. It is jointed, and the distance of tho joints from one another is from three to seven inches. These joints correspond to the extremities of hexagonal cells of which the intermediate... 

FT-IR has been applied for determining the sucrose content of sugar cane juice [21]. In place of the more familiar transmission cell, an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell and clarified sugar cane juice were used to record FT-IR spectra from 800 to 1250 cm"1. In the spectra, significant wavenumbers (927.59, 997.02, 1054.87, 1116.51, and 1137.80 cm"1) have been identified for sucrose. The application of PCR has been proposed for the development of a calibration equation for sucrose content. PCR is basically a MLR applied to scores assessed by PCA. On the basis of FT-IR spectra and sucrose content, an accurate calibration equation could be obtained by the application of PCR. The root mean square difference between predicted FT-IR values and the actual values were 0.12 % (w/v) with a bias of -0.03 % (w/v). The accuracy of FT-IR for determining sugar cane sucrose is almost equal to that of NIR [25]. 

Tricolorin A (46) and G (47) are prototype members of this class of amphiphilic glycoconjugates (24). They constitute the allelochemical principles of Ipomoea tricolor Cav., a plant used in traditional agriculture in Mexico as a cover crop to protect sugar cane against invasive weeds. Their molecular mechanism of action likely involves the inhibition of the FT-ATPase of the plasma membrane, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in plant cell physiology. Moreover, 46 acts as a natural uncoupler of photophosphorylation in spinach chloroplasts. This compound also displays general cytotoxicity against several... 

Recall that the oxygenase activity of ruhisco increases more rapidly with temperature than does its carboxylase activity. How then do plants, such as sugar cane, that grow in hot climates prevent very high rates of wastefiil photorespiration Their solution to this problem is to achieve a high local concentration of CO2 at the site of the Calvin cycle in their photosynthetic cells. The essence of this process, which was elucidated by M. D. Hatch and C. R. Slack, is that four-carbon (Cf compounds such as oxaloacetate and malate carry CO2 from mesophyll cells, which are in contact with air, to bundle-sheath cells, which are the major sites ofphotosynthesis (Figure 20.17). Decarboxylation of the four-carbon compound in a bundle-sheath cell maintains a high concentration of CO2 at the site of the Calvin cycle. The three-carbon compound pyruvate returns to the mesophyll cell for another round of carboxylation. 

Bloom.—The whitish and waxy secretion of epidermal cells, as in the stems of Sugar Cane or the leaves.of Cabbage. 

Mechanism and kinetics in biochemical systems describe the cellular reactions that occur in living cells. Biochemical reactions involve two or three phases. For example, aerobic fermentation involves gas (air), liquid (water and dissolved nutrients), and solid (cells), as described in the Biocatalysis subsection above. Bioreactions convert feeds called substrates into more cells or biomass (cell growth), proteins, and metabolic products. Any of these can be the desired product in a commercial fermentation. For instance, methane is converted to biomass in a commercial process to supply fish meal to the fish farming industry. Ethanol, a metabolic product used in transportation fuels, is obtained by fermentation of corn-based or sugar-cane-based sugars. There is a substantial effort to develop genetically modified biocatalysts that produce a desired metabolite at high yield. 

Food waste Yogurt waste Whey waste Sugar refinery Sugar cane Tofu waste Rps. rubrum S-I Rps. rubrum S-I Rps. palustris Rps. capsulata DSM 1710 Rba. sphaeroides RV 12-20 ml H2-dm3 culture MO d 1 8-20 ml Hj-dm3 culture T0 d 1 35-50 pi Hj-h mg dry cell 1 14 pi H2-mg-Chl, -h 1 12.9 ml H2-ml culture 1... 

Sucrose is a highly soluble disaccharide that provides a mobile energy source for all the plant cells. Sugar cane stores large amounts of sucrose in its leaves and stalk, whereas sugar beet stores it in roots. All plants make sucrose from two molecules of fructose 6-phosphate. One molecule is activated with UDP and isomerized to UDP-glucose. Sucrose 6-phosphate synthase reacts with UDP-glucose and fructose 6-phosphate to make sucrose 6-phosphate. The latter then reacts with a phosphatase to produce sucrose (Fig. 2.9). 

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