Sugar, beet liver

Vanadate-stimulated NAD(P)H oxidation activity was first reported in the erythrocyte membrane [20] and has been found in widely diverse membranes including mammalian rat liver [21], the sugar beet plant [22], and the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae [23] membrane. The kinetics of NADH oxidation [24] observed in the presence of vanadate and plasma membranes show a variable lag, with H202 and... 

Source (Food) Liver, eggs, milk, meats and fish. Commercial source produced by microbial action on various nutrients (spent antibiotic liquors, sugar-beet molasses, whey), also from sewage sludge. 

First, a slice of the animal or plant tissue is cut. This is inserted between two semi-permeable membranes which are then attached to the transducer. The transducer is generally a p02, pCX>2 or pNHs electrode which already has its own gas-permeable hydrophobic membrane [17]. The animal tissue may be rabbit or bovine liver, rabbit muscle or intestinal mucosa. Cell components can even be used, for example, mitochondria. These organelles make the biosensor more selective because they contain more specific enzymes. A glutamine-sensitive biosensor was thus constructed by inmnobiliang mitochondria firom pig kidney cells on a dialysis membrane. Plant tissue can also be immobilized on the sensitive element of an electrode uring mechanical retention. Tissue from sugar beet [87], yellow squash, com kernels, and cucumber [88] and spinach [89] leaves have been immobilized in this way. 

A substance closely related to choline. It may serve as a raw material from which the body synthesizes choline. Betaine has been shown in animal experiments to prevent fatty livers when diets high in fat, cholesterol, and/or sugar are consumed. The Erest sources of tetaine are plant foods, particularly beets. 

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