Sugar aureus

The main function of the ester 34 in bacterial cells seems to be its participation in the biosynthesis of the glycopeptide cell-wall polymer. If this process is blocked, there results the accumulation of a high concentration of sugar nucleotide precursors in the cell. A number of these compounds have been isolated the simplest one is the ester of uridine 5 -pyrophosphate with N-acetylmuramic acid [2-acetamido-3-0-(D-l-carboxyethyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose] (37), first obtained from Staphylococcus aureus cells that had been treated with penicillin7,151 or Gentian Violet.144 An intermediate in the biosynthesis of 37 was isolated and shown to be the 3 -enolpyruvate ether152,153 (38). 

Kennedy, E. P. and Scarborough, G. A. 1967. Mechanism of hydrolysis of O-nitrophenyl-d-galactoside in Staphylococcus aureus and its significance for theories of sugar transport. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 58, 225-228. 

The polyprenols obtained from tobacco and Arum maculatum (solanesol and spadicol), which are all E, are the exceptions. Another interesting fact is that, in most seed-plants, the polyprenols are allylic, as is bacterial undecaprenol. Saturated or slightly modified polyprenols, such as animal dolichol, seem to be present only in fungi. Any of those plant polyprenols, in a phosphorylated form, can be potential sugar acceptors for transfer reactions. Experiments were performed with phosphorylated allylic polyprenols and membrane preparations from Phaseolus aureus. D-Mannose from GDP-D-mannose was incorporated into the exogenous, polyprenyl phosphates,29,49 52 but it was not possible to establish unequivocally the role of these polyprenols as lipid intermediates. 

The class of sugars or carbohydrates that contains one unit of the sugar. It is the simplest class of sugars, e.g. C6Hi2C>6, glucose. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Often called the hospital superbug because it is resistant to most of penicillin treatments. 

Plasmid-mediated resistance to QACs and chlorhexidine in S. aureus has been cloned in E. coli [302] but the level of resistance is low and the mechanism not fully elucidated. The efflux-mediated antiseptic resistance gene qacA from S. aureus has a common ancestry with tetracycline- and sugar-transported proteins [227-229]. 

The Lipid I and II building blocks may be further elaborated by many other enzymes that modify the sugars or amino acid chains. Branched peptides are added to the Lipid I and II peptide chains either by enzymes that act in an ATP-dependent fashion similar to the MurC-F ligases [39], or by enzymes that add amino acid residues from aminoacyl tRNA intermediates, such as the S. aureus enzymes FemA, FemB and FemX, which form the pentaglycine bridge (O Fig. 3) [36], and the S. pneumoniae enzymes FemM and FemN, which form an L-Ser-L-Ala or L-Ala-L-Ala dipeptide bridge [34,35]. Lipid II is also the substrate for the sortase enzymes that catalyze the attachment of surface proteins for incorporation into peptidoglycan [40]. 

In this investigation, three main focus areas are reported (1) S. aureus growth in homogeneous liquid media system, (2) mold spore germination in heterogeneous semi-solid starch-sugars and cellulose-sorbose systems with, and (3) survival of organisms in freeze-dried locust bean and xanthan... 

Yamaguchi T, Hayashi T, Takami H, Nakasone K, Ohnishi M, Nakayama K, Yamada S, Komatsuzawa H, Sugar M (2000) Phage conversion of exfoliative toxin A production in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 38 694-705 Yamaguchi T, Hayashi T, Takami H, Ohnishi M, Murata T, Nakayama K, Asakawa K, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Sugai M (2001) Complete nucleotide sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin B plasmid and identification of a novel ADP-ribosyltransferase, EDIN-C. Infect Immun 69 7760-7771... 

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