Succinate biotechnological production

Zeikus, J.G., Jain, M.K. and Elankovan, P. 1999. Biotechnology of Succinic Acid Production and Markets for Derived Industrial Products. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 51, 545-552. 

Routes towards based 1,4-BDO are currently under development. The production of succinic acid from biomass is currently being commercialized by companies like for example, BioAmber and the DSM-Roquette joint venture Reverdia [126]. Succinic acid is a potential feedstock for the production of 1,4-BDO via reduction of the diacid to the diol [127]. The US based company Genomatica claims it has been successful in developing technology for the direct biotechnological production of 1,4-BDO (see www.genomatica.com, accessed 22 June 2013 see also section 9.4.2). 

Nowadays, the bulk of succinic acid (SA) is produced at a rate of 25,000 tons per year from maleic anhydride obtained by oxidation of the C4 fraction (n-butane or butadiene) of crude oil [321]. However, the biotechnological production of SA by fermentation of carbohydrates has attracted more recent attention (http // www.dsm.com/en US/downloads/media/12e 09 dsm and roquette connmercialize bio based succinic acid.pdf, http //www.bio-amber.com/press releases.php, [322-326]). The economic and environmental analysis of a biorefinery producing SA indicated that bio-SA is a promising intermediate provided that its production cost could be lowered further [322]. 

Raab AM, Gebhardt G, Bolotina N, Weuster-Botz D, Lang C. (2010). Metabohc engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the biotechnological production of succinic acid. Metab Eng, 12, 518-525. 

Zeikus JG, Jain MK, Elankovan P. (1999). Biotechnology of succinic acid production and markets for derived industrial products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 51, 545-552. 

Cheng, K.K., Zhao, X.B, Zeng, J., and Zhang, J.A. (2012) Biotechnological production of succinic acid current state and perspectives. Biofuels, Bioprod. Biorefin., 6, 302-318. 

C4 dicarboxyUc acids are already identified in the US Department of Energy s list (2004) of potential large-scale biomass-derived chemicals (Werpy and Petersen 2004). In the past decade, succinic acid has established itself as a foreruimer in biorefinery platform chemicals. Compared with traditional synthetic methods by fossil fuels, the production of succinic acid from natural derived biomass would alleviate our dependence on oil supply for the production of these platform chemicals in future. Recognizing the importance of the biotechnological production of succinic acid, herein we intend to review microorganism producers and... 

Wang CX, Ming W, Yan DJ, Zhang CC, Yang MH, Liu YL, Zhang Y, Guo BH, Wan YH, Xing JM (2014) Novel membrane-based biotechnological alternative process for succinic acid production and chemical synthesis of bio-based poly (butylene succinate). Bioresour Technol 156 6-13... 

Borges, E.R., Pereira Jr., N., 2011. Succinic acid production from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate by Actmct>acUlus succinogenes. Journal of Industrial Microbiology Biotechnology 38,1001-1011. 

Lee, PC., Lee, W.G., Lee, S.Y., et al., 2001. Succinic add production with reduced by-product formation in the fermentation of Anaewbiospirillum succmicipmducens using glycerol as a carbon source. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 72,41-48. 

Chen, K., Jiang, M., Wei, P, Yao, J., Wu, H., 2010a. Succinic acid production from acid hydrolysate of com fiber by Actmobacillus succinogenes. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 160 (2), 4T7--485. 

Du, C., Lin, S.K.C., Koutinas, A., Wang, R., Webb, C., 2007. Succinic acid production from wheat using a biorefining strategy. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 76 (6), 1263-1270. 

Lin, H., Bennett, G.N., San, K., 2005a. Genetic reconstruction of the aerobic central metabolism in Escherichia coli for the absolute aerobic production of succinate. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 89 (2), 148-156. 

Okino, S., Noburyu, R., Suda, M., Jqjima, T., Inui, M., Yukawa, H., 2008. An effcient succinic acid production process in a metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum strain. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 81 (3), 459-464. 

Scholten, E., Dagele, D., 2008. Succinic acid production by a newly isolated bacterium. Biotechnology Letters 30(12), 2143-2146. 

Scholten, E., Renz, T., Thomas, J., 2009. Continuous cultivation approach for fermentative succinic acid production from crude glycerol by Basfia succiniciproducens DDl. Biotechnology Letters 31 (12), 1947-1951. 

Wan, C., Li, Y., Shahbazi, A., Xiu, S., 2008. Succinic acid production from cheese whey using Actinobacillus succinogenes 130 Z. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2,111-119. 

However, because the production of ethylene from sugar-based ethanol comprises decarboxylation and dehydration steps, the overall process is not very efficient regarding the use of biomass. In contrast, novel monomers can be produced with significant higher atom efficiency. An example is the biotechnological production of succinic acid in which carbon dioxide can be fixated rather than released as a by-product (Cheng et al., 2012). 

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