Substrate feeding product removal method

A quantitative jump was finally brought by a two-in-one resin-based in situ substrate feeding product removal method (SFPR) [104]. An adsorbent polymeric resin acts simultaneously as a reservoir for the substrate and as a trap for the product (Figure 21.5). The substrate, preloaded onto the resin, slowly diffuses into the broth and is hansformed by cells while the formed product is readsorbed onto the soUd. The system is conveniently tuned by a simple choice of substrate resin ratio. Thus, both the substrate and product concentrations are controlled in order to maintain them below their inhibitory or toxic levels and allow a higher productivity. Additional benefits are also to be considered for prachcal large-scale applica-... 

Molecular layering (ML) technique is one of the most promising methods of membrane modification at the atomic level [76, 77]. The ML method is based on the chemisorption of reagents on a solid substrate surface and consists of the irreversible interaction of low-molecular reagents and functional groups of a solid substrate surface under the conditions of continuous reagent feed and the subsequent removal of the formed gaseous products. 

---