Substation consideration

In Section III, a distinction is made between experimental conformation and folded conformation. Thus, the most populated conformation of a peptide is identified as the folded conformation, irrespective of experimental or secondary-structure considerations. The folded state is then associated to the folded or most populated conformation, while the unfolded state embodies all other conformations and includes any other substates. 

The picosecond internal dynamics of myoglobin was explored by measuring inelastic neutron scattering by Smith et al. [25]. At low temperatures they found the dynamics to be harmonic while at higher temperatures a considerable quasielastic scattering was detected. Agreement between the experimentally observed spectra and that calculated from molecular dynamics simulations also showed evidence for restriction of the conformational space sampled at 80 K relative to 300 K. On the basis of these results it was concluded that the protein is trapped in local minima at low temperatures in accord with the multiple substate model suggested by low temperature flash photolysis experiments and previous molecular dynamics simulations. Comparison of atomic fluctuation data sets collected at both 325 K and 80 K confirms that the room temperature... 

Fig. III. 16. In light symmetric top molecules with reasonably large electric dipole moments such as for instance methylfluoride the change of the absorption spectrum due to the translational Zeeman effect occurs at comparatively low perpendicular velocities. The spectrum shown here corresponds to the absorption of a group of molecules moving at 267 m/sec (maximum of the Maxwell-Boltzmann probability distribution) perpendicular to the magnetic field. The dotted line gives the spectrum calculated neglecting the translational Zeeman effect. The Lorentz cross field has caused considerable mixing of Mj substates resulting in considerable changes in the selection rules...

The above considerations allow us to construct a simplified energy level diagram [Fig. 3]. The vibrational substates of the various excited electronic states shown in Fig. 3 have been omitted for clarity. Due to the high frequency of collisions among molecules in liquids or solids vibrational relaxation to the zero-point vibrational level of a particular electronic state is extremely rapid. Therefore, it is generally assumed that only molecules in their lowest vibrational levels exist long enough to be important photochemically. 

Switchgear and process control rooms are required to have smoke detection per NFPA 850, Recommend Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plans and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations and IEEE 979, Guide for Substation Fire Protection.The activation of the fire alarm should shut down the air handling systems. If the facility is especially critical to the continued process operation, consideration of a fixed fire suppression system should be evaluated. 

NFPA 850, Par 7.8.6 recommends that oil-filled main, station service, and startup transformers at power generation plants not meeting the separation or fire barrier recommendations should be protected with automatic water spray or foam-water spray systems. Additionally, it recommends that substations and switchyards located at the generating facility and utilizing combustible oil-filled equipment should be protected by fire hydrants where practical and consideration should be given to water spray protection of transformers critical to the transmission of the generated power. 

Cooley, W.L. 1977. Design considerations regarding separation of mine safety ground and substation ground systems. Conference Record of the 1977 lEEE/IAS Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL. 

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