Substances processed

Melhem, G. A., and E. S. Shanley. 1997 On the Estimation of Hazard Potential for Chemical Substances, Process Safety Progress, 15(3), Pall. 

Introductory page, with links to (main headings only) Alchemical music from Atalanta fugiens Searchable database of alchemical emblems [500 + images] Paintings and other artwork Images from manuscripts and books Images of alchemical apparatus Alchemical symbols for substances, processes and equipment Other material... 

In a first approach, the definition of contamination in pharmaceutical products can be referred to in terms of related substances and process contaminants While related substances are structurally related to the drug substance, process contaminants are introduced during manufacturing or handling procedures. These two categories include all types of contaminants but do not define them. 

The results of the process described in Figure 2-2 may be presented in the form of a pressure-volume diagram. Figure 2-9 shows two isotherms of a typical pressure-volume diagram for a pure substance. Processes 1-3 and 4-5 correspond to the processes indicated in Figure 2-3. 

Changes in the number of moles of gaseous substances. Processes that result in an increase in the number of moles of gaseous substances have > 0. Example 15-15 illustrates this. There are no gaseous reactants, but the products include five moles of gas. Conversely, we would predict that the process 2H2(g) + 02(g) 2H20(g) has a negative A5 value here, three moles of gas is consumed while only two moles is produced, for a net decrease in the number of moles in the gas phase. You should be able to calculate the value of AS for this reaction from the values in Appendix K. 

Metabolism, sometimes also called biotransformation, deals with the conversion of absorbed chemical into other substances, process done by living organisms. Biotransformation usually converts xenobiotics into less toxic chemicals, but it is also possible that the resulted substances are more toxic. 

List of Selected Environmentally Harmful Chemical Substances, Processes and Phenomena of Global Significance... 

Mabey, W. R., H. Drossman, A. M. Liu, and T. Mill. 1984. Toxic Substances Process Data Generation, EPA Final Report, EPA Contract 68-03-2921, Task 18. 

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