Subnanomolar concentrations

A method for determination of peroxynitrite down to subnanomolar concentrations is based on CL in the presence of luminol (124, Scheme 3). The kinetic of decomposition of peroxynitrite according to equation 119 is a function of pH and can be measured in a FIA system. The solution carrying the analyte is mixed in the CL cell with 124 dissolved... 

R. J. Kieber and P. J. Seaton, Determination of Subnanomolar Concentrations of Nitrite in Natural Waters, Anal. Chem. 1995,67, 3261. ... 

A second approach to semiconductor stabilization is the utilization of an electrolyte in which semiconductor photodecomposition products cannot form. Thus, in the case of n-Si, Lewis has noted that employment of a rigorously anhydrous nonaqueous electrolyte eliminates the possibility of interfacial oxide formation [18]. However, the fact that subnanomolar concentrations of water are sufficient to generate surface oxides makes the application quite difficult. Semiconductors that undergo decomposition to metal ions can likewise be stabilized by using a low-dielectric-constant nonligating electrolyte. Both organic liquids and solid-state ion conductors have been employed for this purpose. Unfortunately, such electrolytes are at best high resistance, and thus observable photocurrents are minimal. However, a hybrid approach in which a nonaqueous... 

The disorazole is comprised of a family of 29 closely related macrolides, which were isolated from the myxobacterium Soranghmi cellulosium. Disorazole Al, the major component of the crude extraction residue, possesses antifungal activity, decay of microtubules in subnanomolar concentration, initiates cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and competes in vitro with vinsblastine for the tublin binding site. The retrosynthetic disconnections of disorazole Al and a few stereoselective synthetic routes are described [12]. 

Cai X., Rivas, G., Farias, M. A. P., Shiraishi, H., Wang, J., Palecek, E. (1996). Poten-tiometric stripping analysis of bioactive peptides at carbon electrodes down to subnanomolar concentrations. Anal ChimActa 332(1), 49-57. 

Advanced process state estimation, prediction, and control via hybrid process modeling, 144-154 Aminophenols, use as sensor for subnanomolar concentrations, 70-80 Analyte concentrations, measurement using fluorescent lifetime, 99-108... 

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