Submicroscopic morphology

Frey-Wyssling, A. (1948). Submicroscopic Morphology of Protoplasm and Its Derivatives. Elsevier, New York. 

Dmochowski L, Grey CE, Burmester BR, Walter WG. Submicroscopic morphology of avian neoplasms. II. Studies on granuloblastosis (myeloblastosis). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1958 98 666-9. 

De Robertis, E. D. P. Bennett, M. S. (1957). Some features of the submicroscopic morphology of synapses in frog and earthworm. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol., 1, 47-58. 

By particulate matter we refer to any substance, except pure water, that exists as a liquid or solid in the atmosphere under normal conditions and is of microscopic or submicroscopic size but larger than molecular dimensions. Among atmospheric constituents, particulate matter is unique in its complexity. Airbome particulate matter results not only from direct emissions of particles but also from emissions of certain gases that either condense as particles directly or undergo chemical transformation to a species that condenses as a particle. A full description of atmospheric particles requires specification of not only their concentration but also their size, chemical composition, phase (i.e., liquid or solid), and morphology. 

Core/shell latexes refer to systems with a submicroscopic particle morphology of one polymer forming the center part (the core) and the other polymer covering the core (the shell layer). Core/shell latexes are made via two consecutive emulsion polymerization stages, usually forming a particle structure with the initially polymerized material at the center and the later-formed polymer as the outer layer. If more than two stages are employed in the emulsion polymerization process, latex particles with multilayered morphology can be obtained. 

The behavior of thermoplastic rubber in adhesives is dependent on (1) the morphology or geometry of the submicroscopic endblock phase as it is dispersed in the rubber matrix, and (2) the compatibility of added ingredients with the two phases present. These topics are discussed in subsequent sections. 

Solid polyethylene consists of a three-phase morphology as shown schematieally in Figure 1. Submicroscopic crystals, called crystallites, are surrounded by a noncrystalline phase comprising a partially ordered layer adjacent to the crystallites and disordered material in the intervening spaces. 

The survey of plant transects across broad geographic areas has in the past referred nearly always to the macroscopic, morphological part of the phenome. Unless the submicroscopic, chemical characteristics are considered additionally, we will never learn the lesson biogeography is able to teach on the subject of biodiversity. 

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