Morphology three phase

Morphology — Three phases Semicrystalline PE Amorphous PE Ionic clusters (1)... 

Theoretical approximations and morphology predictions were recently carried out for miktoarm star terpolymers of the ABC type. The literature concerning theoretical predictions for this complex architeaure is rather limited, as the synthesis of such materials leading to morphologically three-phase stmaures has been developed rather recently. The behavior of miktoarm star terpolymers was simulated using the Monte Carlo calculation method. This approach was already used for the microdomain structural behavior of diblock copolymers of the AB type, and the consideration that needed to be taken into account for the calculations was the addition of the C chain at the common junction point of the A... 

Nevertheless, possibiUties for confusion abound. From the definitions of microemulsions and macroemulsions and from Figure 1, it immediately follows that in many macroemulsions one of the two or three phases is a microemulsion. Until recentiy (49), it was thought that all nonmultiple emulsions were either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O). However, the phase diagram of Figure 1 makes clear that there are six nonmultiple, two-phase morphologies, of which four contain a microemulsion phase. These six two-phase morphologies are oleic-in-aqueous (OL/AQ, or O/W) and aqueous-in-oleic (AQ/OL, or W/O), but also, oleic-in-microemulsion (OL/MI), microemulsion-in-oleic (MI/OL), aqueous-in-microemulsion (AQ/MI), and microemulsion-in-aqueous (MI/AQ) (49). 

Fig. 7. Cartoon illustration of the twelve theoretical morphologies of three-phase macroemulsions in which one the phases is a middle-phase...

Fig. 33 TEM micrograph revealing peculiar two-component, three-phase morphology OsC>4 staining. Note cylinder-like PS domains inside PB phase. Morphology is schematically illustrated in insert. From [102], Copyright 2003 Wiley...

One important point regarding microemulsion extraction is that the complexity of the system with its three phases, two interfaces, and usually unknown phase morphology makes the prediction of its performance quite difficult, particularly when dealing with solutes of diverse properties. The literature indicates that it does not always improve metal extraction, and in cases it may even hinder it due to the effect of the emulsifying additives. 

This document is organized into three sections. The first defines terms basic to the description of polymer mixtures. The second defines terms commonly encountered in descriptions of phase-domain behaviour of polymer mixtures. The third defines terms commonly encountered in the descriptions of the morphologies of phase-separated polymer mixtures. 

For the PMMA/PS system summarized in Table I, three distinct types of fracture morphologies and phase relationships are observed, these being ... 

In further discussions we will frequently use another morphological parameter, the volume fraction. It will be recalled that, in the general case, a plastic foam is not a two-phase but a three-phase system solid - gas - liquid . 

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