SUBJECTS elective effect

Another placebo-controlled study tested the effectiveness of ginger in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (Arfeen et al., 1995). This randomized, double-blind study included 108 subjects slated for elective gynecologic laparoscopy. The number of subjects provided 80% power to detect a reduction in the incidence of nausea from 30% to 20%. All patients received 10 mg of diazepam orally and were randomized to receive two 500 mg ginger capsules, one 500 mg ginger capsule and one placebo capsule, or two placebo capsules 1 h prior to surgery. Nausea, when present, was rated on a scale of 1 to 3 (mild,... 

Arguably, the most significant aspirations of developers of context-based courses to effect change lies in the area of students affective responses to science, or chemistry in particular how they feel about the chemistry they do. Advocates hope that the contexts used to develop chemical ideas will motivate students by helping them see the importance of chemistry. Taking this one step further, they hope that their courses will lead to inaeased numbers electing to choose chemistry and science subjects beyond the post-compulsory period. We consider the evidence for such claims in the next section. 

A brief, but interesting communication from the United States described the incidence of adverse effects in 61 healthy subjects who elected to take rifampicin prophyl-actically after being in close contact with a patient who died of meningococcal meningitis. Only 18 of the 61 people reported no adverse reactions. The dosage used was 600 mg every 12 hours for 4 doses. Six of the subjects were unable to take all 4 doses because of side effects. The commonest reactions were nausea, headache, dizziness and vomiting (24 ). 

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