Subject cycloalkylation

Seminal PES studies of the cycloalkyl halides have dealt with the interactions of halogen lone-pair (np) orbitals with the skeletal orbitals ([Pg.152]

II can be observed that a fair variety of classes of substrates is represented in the table. In addition to the most frequently employed alkyl ketones, particularly cycloalkyl ketones, quinonic, phenolic, and alkync subsn-ates have been subjected to Mannich... 

Katritzky and coworkers have extensively developed the activation of amines by reaction with pyry-lium salts to provide (V-alkyl (or N-aryl) pyridinium compounds. When buttressing substituents were present to discourage attack on the pyridine ring, the N-alkyl substituent was subject to displacement and elimination processes. In general, primary alkyl substituents reacted with most nucleophiles in a normal 5n2 process as shown in Scheme 12, whereas competition between substitution and elimination took place with the secondary analogs, with elimination dominating the reactions starting from cycloalkyl-amines. 

The synthesis, physical and chemical properties of sulphamides have been the subject of various reviews down through the years333-338. Sowada339 has summarized the three main synthetic routes in the preparation of sulphamides as follows (a) reaction of primary amines (alkyl or aryl) with sulphuryl chloride (b) reaction of primary amines with chlorosulphonic acid (c) reaction of primary amines (alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl) with sulphamide. 

The bond formation shown below (Figure 1) between rings A and C generates the desired tm/w-fused BC ring system when subjected to cycloalkylation." An appropriate CDE ring unit (203) with the correct stereochemistry at the DE ring junction and opportunity for further elaboration at the C ring was recently reported by ApSimon and co-workers. 

PoIyfluoro-aIkyl or -cycloalkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides are so widely encountered as starting materials, derivatives, by-products, etc. in fluorocarbon chemistiy that it is impracticable to provide a comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature in one section. Readers with a particular interest in this area of the subject are thus advised, in the absence of a subject index, to browse widely through this volume. 

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