Studying organizing information

Organize and sponsor chapters to provide a forum for the presentation of scientific data and for the interchange and study of information about local concerns. 

Optical spectroscopy is also an important method for studying organic radical ions. Its strength lies in the detailed kinetic information it provides the time resolution of this method has reached a state where nanosecond resolution is... 

A typical paper on cryo-crystallographic applications is usually concluded by the author s encouragement to study more and more samples at lower and lower temperature. The message from this chapter is instead somewhat different and can be summarized as follows (1) use temperature critically and think carefully when it is necessary to measure structures or properties of crystals at lower temperature] (2) use all the additional information available when studying the sample at low temperature] (3) do not limit the temperature scans in the range below ambient conditions (even when studying organic crystals). 

Solid-state NMR with magic angle spinning has been used to good effect in studying organic crystals and their dynamics [41]. The powdered samples used in such studies can stabilize reaction intermediates or products and provide them with a uniform molecular environment. In order to simplify the spectra, this technique intentionally discards the information contained in... 

This section presents information on human health effects, including those known to be associated and those possibly associated with exposure to CDDs (primarily 2,3,7,8-TCDD). Since limited data exist to assign a specific route of exposure (inhalation, oral, dermal) to human studies, the information in this section is organized by health effects—death, systemic, immunological, neurological, developmental, reproductive, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. These data are discussed in terms of three exposure periods—acute (14 days or less), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days or more). 

Excretion concerns the removal of the drug compound from the body. Both the original (parent) drug compound and its metabolites can be excreted. The primary mode of investigation here is excretion balance studies. Radiolabeled drug compound is administered and radioactivity is then measured from excretion sites (e.g., urine, feces, expired air). These studies provide information on which organs are involved in excretion and the time course of excretion. 

Optical—in particular spectral—studies play an important role in the investigation of electronically low-dimensional organic conductors. The materials are characterized by highly anisotropic optical properties, with one crystal direction often displaying metal-like behavior, while others appear to be lower conducting. Previous reviews of optical properties of these materials have been elaborated by numerous authors (e.g., Refs. 1 to 10). It was shown that optical studies provide information on a number of fundamental interactions and basic properties of organic conductors. 

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