Studies of erosion

Test equipment for the study of erosion-corrosion by liquids with sand content, as met in formation waters in oil and gas production, has been described by Kohley and Heitz ... 

Generally speaking, these studies of erosive burning have been able to correlate the observed effects. Until the structure of the combustion zone is defined and quantitatively characterized in detail, it would appear that the currently available bases for correlating erosive-burning data are adequate. 

Crisp, S., Lewis, B. G. Wilson, A. D. (1976a). Zinc polycarboxylate cements. A chemical study of erosion and its relationship to molecular structure. Journal of Dental Research, 55, 299-308. 

Wilson, Abel Lewis (1974), in a detailed chemical study of erosion in aqueous solution, found that in the first 24 hours of the cement s life the ions eluted were Zn, Mg, HPO " and H2PO4. Far more Mg ions were eluted than Zn ions, despite zinc being the major metal constituent of the zinc phosphate cement. These workers deduced that magnesium is far less firmly bound to phosphate than is zinc and that, consequently, its presence in the oxide is a source of weakness. These results were later confirmed by Anzai et al. (1977). 

Wilson, A. D. Batchelor, R. F. (1970). Zinc oxide eugenol cements. II. Study of erosion disintegration. Journal of Dental Research, 49, 593-8. 

Ballistics(1950), 22-5 65-6 7)SACMS, Ballistics (1951), 38-9 8)L.Green, Jr, JARS(JetPropn) 24, 9-21 26(1954)(Erosive burning of some composite explns) 9)P.Tavernier et al, MP 37, 207-15(1955) (Study of erosive burning of colloidal proplnts) 10)J.Boisson,MP 30,381-96(1957)(Erosive burning of colloidal proplnts) 11)P.Tavernier J. 

Although the most recent studies of erosive burning [102]-[110] have helped greatly to improve our understanding of the process, the theoretical problems remain difficult. Even in laminar boundary-layer flows, erosive burning of solid propellants presents one of the more challenging problems because simplifications achievable for nonpremixed combustion (Chapter... 

Studies of erosion rates have been another important application for in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides, since quantitative data from other methods are scarce. The earlier papers focused mainly on exposure ages and provided erosion rate estimates only as a byproduct. Craig and Poreda (1986), Kurz (1986b), and Nishiizumi et al. (1990) derived erosion rates of 8-12 m/Ma for lavas from Haleakala volcano, Maui (Hawaii), by comparing the nominal surface exposure ages with established lava ages. Sarda et al. 

The significance of the fluvial redistribution process can also be seen in studies of erosion and sedimentation processes. The global fallout of Cs can be used to trace eroded sediment because of its strong adsorption to soil constituents, adequate half-life (Ti/2 = 30.17 years), ease of detection, ubiquity, and regionally uniform ground distribution (Brown et al., 1981 Spomer et al., 1985 Bonnet, 1990 Walling and Bradley, 1990). 

Walling, D.E., Bradley, S.B., 1990. Some applications of cesium-137 measurements in the study of erosion, transport and deposition. In Erosion, Transport and Deposition Processes. lAHS Publ. no. 189, pp. 179-203. 

Study of erosion-corrosion processes at high temperature... 

Figure 9.5 Diagrammatic representation of acceleration tube equipment and rotating specimen equipment for the study of erosion-oxidation, (a) Vertical impact of hot gas (b) horizontally or (c) rotating specimen in hot fluid bed.

In many studies of erosion, a purely descriptive approach has been adopted. An attempt to depart from this tradition was made by Zvonkov [349] in a study of water erosion. In this work, expressions for the forces were substituted into the equation of particle motion... 

Figure 2.14. The usefulness of Fourier analysis of the geometric signature waveform for characterizing a profile is demonstrated by the application of the technique to the study of erosion of a fragment of material as discussed in Figure 2.6. a) Geometric signature waveforms of the eroding fragment, b) Harmonic spectra of the signature waveforms of (a).

Storch and Pojar (1970) performed an interesting and rare study of erosive wear within a variety of steel cylinder-on-cone cyclones with tangential inlets. Erosion rates in each cyclone s cylinder and cone sections were measured as a function of gas inlet velocity and solids concentration for two different types of abrasive dust. The experimental results are illustrated in Fig. 12.1.1, frames a through d. The wear reported is that after exposing the cyclone to a fixed total quantity of dust. 

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