Structure spatially-linked

Figure 9.11 represents the MMT content-dependent (wt%) flow activation energy (Ea) of pure PLA and various PLANCs obtained from an Arrhenius fit of the master curves [47]. It is clearly observed that the Ea value increases significantly for the nanocomposite containing 3 wt% MMT and then is almost unchanged with increasing MMT content. This result indicates that, in the presence of MMT, it is very difficult for the materials to flow. This behavior is also ascribed to the formation of a spatially linked structure in the nanocomposite in the molten state. 

It is here that we hit a central feature of every organism as well as the most primitive. There has to be spatial structure, there has to be flow, and there has to be communication to co-ordinate the activities of the cell. The communication has to link the metabolic paths and consists in the primitive cell of feedback controls by small molecules (mobile coenzymes and substrates) and ions, where up to 20 elements are involved. By seeing... 

Proteins are built up by aminoacids linked by peptide bonds into a polypeptide chain (Figure 2). The sequence of the aminoacids in the chain is known as the primary structure of the protein. The primary structure of the protein gives rise to the corresponding three-dimensional structure, and the spatial relationships of the constituents are the key for the peptide function. 

To evaluate the influence of structural parameters governed by the cyclophosphazene core concerning the valency and the spatial orientation of epitopes, as well as the nature of linkers directly related to the ligation technique used for the mannoside incorporation, the authors performed preliminary kinetic turbidimetric assays with Con A. Insoluble cross-linked complexes formed rapidly for all compounds, without marked difference for the hexavalent analogues. On the other hand, the incorporation of additional mannosyl units led merely to statistical binding-affinity enhancements, notably for the less-dense decamer 194, which presents favorable extended intersugar distances. 

On examining structure 1, we notice the steric crowding at the link between the tetracarboxylate receptor and the linearly fused tricyclic system. Thus, orthogonalization occurs at this link, making it a virtual spacer. The spatial isolation of the two ji-electron systems allows us to describe the tricyclic unit as the lumophore. The tetracarboxylate receptor also coexists as a clearly distinguishable module. 

The significance of conjugation as a contributor to the substantivity of dyes for cellulose is not always easy to distinguish from the effect of the degree of linearity of the molecule. Almost all direct dye molecules possess flexible chains of aryl nuclei linked by azo or other unsaturated groups. Such structures can readily adopt a near-linear spatial conformation, as... 

Block copolymers have been the focus of much interest during the last 30 years because their constituent blocks are generally immiscible, leading to a microphase separation. Since the different blocks are linked together by covalent bonds, the microphase separation is spatially limited and results in self-assembled structures whose characteristic sizes are of the order of a few times the radius of gyration, Rg, of the constituent blocks and thus range from ca. 10 to 100 nm [1],... 

The challenge for modeling the water balance in CCL is to link the composite, porous morphology properly with liquid water accumulation, transport phenomena, electrochemical kinetics, and performance. At the materials level, this task requires relations between composihon, porous structure, liquid water accumulation, and effective properhes. Relevant properties include proton conductivity, gas diffusivihes, liquid permeability, electrochemical source term, and vaporizahon source term. Discussions of functional relationships between effective properties and structure can be found in fhe liferafure. Because fhe liquid wafer saturation, 5,(2)/ is a spatially varying function at/o > 0, these effective properties also vary spatially in an operating cell, warranting a self-consistent solution for effective properties and performance. 

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