Structure interlinked

This intramolecular bonding in maleic acid, (8), halves its ability to form intermolecular bonds. In fumaric acid, on the other hand, all of the hydrogen bonds form between molecules (intermolecular bonds) to give a stronger, interlinked crystal structure. 

The polymers listed above, and all other linear polymers as well, are formed from monomers which enter into two, and only two, linkages with other structural units. This statement corresponds to the previous remark that the structural units of linear polymers necessarily are bivalent. The interlinking capacity of a monomer ordinarily is apparent from its structure it is clearly prescribed by the presence of two condensable functional groups in each monomer in the third and fourth examples above. The ability of the extra electron pair of the ethylenic linkage to enter into the formation of two bonds endows styrene with the same interlinking capacity. In accordance with the functionality concept introduced by Carothers, all monomers which when polymerized may join with two, and only two, other monomers are termed bifunctional. Similarly, a hifunctional unit is one which is attached to two other units. It follows that linear polymers are composed exclusively (aside from terminal units) of bifunctional units. ... 

Peng et al. [150] prepared AgAu nanoalloys via three different procedures by using laser-induced heating (i) mixture of Au nanoparticles and Ag(I) ions irradiated by a 532 nm laser, (ii) mixture of Au and Ag nanoparticles irradiated by a 532 nm laser, and (iii) mixture of Au and Ag nanoparticles irradiated by a 355 nm laser. In procedures (ii), nanoalloys with a sintered structure were obtained. The morphology of the obtained nanoalloys depended not only on the laser wavelength but also on the concentration of nanoparticles in the initial mixture. Large-scale interlinked networks were observed upon laser irradiation when the total concentration of Ag and Au nanoparticles in the mixture increased. 

Structure sensitivity is not a single phenomenon but can often be regarded as a set of independent, but interlinked mechanisms. At the very beginning it is important to realize that the term particle size effect (PSE) not only refers to the size of active component particles but moreover comprises effects deriving from peculiarities in their morphology, that is, their shape and structure. 

It is well-known, that in most carboxylic acid crystal structures, the conformation of the carboxyl group is synplanar and that the most frequent and dominant interlink is the syn-syn centrosymmetric dimer synthon, II. This synthon is found in nearly a third of all crystalline carboxylic acids, with or without any other functionality being present in the molecule, signifying robustness.1211 Against such a background, the crystal structures of 1,4-cubane-... 

In using a relational database, the interlinked object structure is translated into a representation based on tables and rows. Each object typically is a row in a table one table is defined for each class (sans inheritance). 

Benzamide (43,51) crystallizes from ethanol in space group Pljc. The main features of the crystal structure (52) (Figure 5) are similar to those found in cinnamide. Hydrogen-bonded cyclic dimers are interlinked along the 5.0-A b axis to form ribbons. The ribbons are stacked along the 5.6-A a axis, in an... 

Hofmann and collaborators 168) were probably the first to postulate that the free valences of silicon atoms in the surface of silicates must be saturated with silanol groups. Carman 169) visualized the structure of a particle of colloidal silica as a network of interlinked Si04 tetrahedra with hydroxy groups attached to the surface, due to the tendency of silicon to complete tetrahedral coordination. Each particle of silica can be considered as a macromolecule of polysilicic acid. 

A molecular entity consisting of two or more polymeric rings interlinked together but not covalently bonded to each other. Mitochondrial DNA are known to form catenated structures consisting of two interlinked nucleic acid circles (i.e., a [2]catenane). 

Yuan ZY, Zhou W, Su BL (2002) Hierarchical interlinked structure of titanium oxide nanofibers. Chem Commun 1202-1203... 

Dispersion of a solid or liquid in a liquid affects the viscosity. In many cases Newtonian flow behavior is transformed into non-Newtonian flow behavior. Shear thinning results from the ability of the solid particles or liquid droplets to come together to form network structures when at rest or under low shear. With increasing shear the interlinked structure gradually breaks down, and the resistance to flow decreases. The viscosity of a dispersed system depends on hydrodynamic interactions between particles or droplets and the liquid, particle-particle interactions (bumping), and interparticle attractions that promote the formation of aggregates, floes, and networks. 

Polynitropolyphenylenes (PNPs) [Structure (2.53)] describe a class of compounds with aromatic C-N02 groups in a chain of benzene units interlinked by... 

Computer-generated model of the quaternary structure of hemoglobin, a protein consisting of four interlinked polypeptide chains, each shown in a different color. Computers are important tools for the study of biomolecules, as they help scientists visualize complex three-dimensional structures. 

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