Structural reorganization

The Gpy dimer appears to function as a rigid unit with critical residues positioned to interact with Ga-GDP. Whereas Ga activation proceeds through nucleotide-dependent structural reorganization, activation of Gpy occurs solely as a function of its release from Ga. As we will see, the Ga subunit acts as a negative regulator of Gpy by masking sites on the surface of Gpy that interact with downstream effector molecules. 

Although stratification, according to the plot in Fig. 10, occurs continuously as increases, it is accompanied by a curious structural reorganization in transverse directions (i.e., parallel to the planar substrate). A suitable measure of transverse structure is the pair correlation function defined in Eq. (62). However, for simplicity we are concerned only with the in-plane pair correlation function defined as [see Eq. (62)]... 

The order-disorder transformation is not unique to two-layer fluids, which is readily concluded from the second maximum of n in the vicinity of s 3.55 where the fluid consists of three strata. However, it turns out that only the innermost, middle stratum undergoes the same kind of structural reorganization just explained for the two-layer fluid the two contact strata (i.e., the strata closest to the substrate) do not participate in the transformation. The intensity of the second maximum in n is therefore reduced by roughly 2/3 compared with the first one, as one would expect. 

With appropriate substrates, two or more consecutive rearrangements may take place. The carbon skeleton of the starting material may then suffer a major structural reorganization ... 

Giovanoli and Briitsch [264] studied the kinetics of vacuum dehydroxylation of 7-FeO 0H(- -7 Fe203). It was not possible to demonstrate satisfactory obedience to a single kinetic expression. Microscopic examinations detected the occurrence of random nucleation over reactant surfaces and crystallographic indications of the specific structural reorganization steps, which occur at the reaction interface, are discussed. 

Many carbon acids, upon losing the proton, form carbanions that are stabilized by resonance. Structural reorganization (movement of atoms to different... 

In the bilayer or upon interaction with detergent micelles, a structural reorganization of pardaxin aggregates takes place, in which the polar side chains interact with themselves and the hydrophobic residues are externally oriented in the pardaxin aggregate, therefore allowing interactions with the lipid backbone hydrocarbons. 

Compound 72 has been crystallographically characterized. The most striking feature of this structure is how little structural reorganization accompanies this adduct formation. The osmium-carbon bond length at 1.90(2) A is not detectably altered from that of the parent complex 47 and the C—Os—C angle is increased by only 8°. 

The relaxation effects of the cation are throughout rather small, of the order of 2-10 kcal mol-1. The reason for this is that most aromatic compounds retain their planarity on ionization, and thus structural reorganizations are small. Similar observa-... 

Carbonylations of aldehydes incorporate an inexpensive source of carbon, carbon monoxide, and can convert ubiquitously available aldehydes into various synthetically useful functionalities. This chapter deals with the most prominent applications of carbonylation methodology to aldehydes and is restricted to reactions where a direct bond is formed between the carbonyl moiety of the aldehyde (C or O) and carbon monoxide. Carbonylations of aldehydes mostly involve severe structural reorganizations of both reacting... 

The contrast is explained by the extensive electronic and structural reorganizations that must take place when nitromethane and... 

The polymer chains of P VP in complex 2 in comparison with chains of both the pure PVP and the PVP in complex 1 change their functional characteristics, e.g., they bind the organic ions in water more effectively. Such changes can be caused by the structural reorganization of PVP macromolecules at the final stage of the complex 2 formation destroying of the elements of internal structure of PVP chains during their interaction with C60 (Krakovjak et al., 2006). 

As we will discuss in Chapter 2, such an unsymmetrical pattern foreshadows fragmentation or severe structural reorganization of the original molecular frame. 

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