StrongBack

Local behaviour can be approached by means of three-dimensional numerical modelling, at the cost of much difficulty in establishing the boimdaiy conditions [8.17]. 

For the diagrid, thermal-hydraulic studies are needed to predict the thermal stresses in the structures and ensure correct core cooling. These studies have to be carried out for the various operating states of the reactor, in symmetrical or assymmetrical steady-state operation 

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The wet lay-up systems most commonly used in the industry are Aqua-Wrap, Armor Plate wrap, BlackDiamond wrap and StrongBack systems. 

Armor Plate (Texas, US) is another pipe repair system that uses multipurpose fiberglass/epoxy wraps and different curing agents (see Fig. 18.11). The difference between Armor Plate and StrongBack composite repair systems (discussed below) is that Armor Plate uses chemicals instead of water as the catalyst agent. 

StrongBack composite wrap systems can be applied to wet lines (under water), as it has the ability to displace the water from wet surfaces in order to make a permanent wrap. This tape-wrap reinforcement system can be used in the repair of low corrosion levels or mechanical damage. 

StrongBack composite repairs (Integ Pipeline Services, 2006). 

Table 18.2 Technical specifications of the StrongBack repair system...

StrongBack Corp. (2007) Repair sleeves. Kemah, Texas, US , Available at http //www. 

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