String-model

Granato, A. V. and Liicke, K. (1966). The vibrating string model of dislocation damping. In Physical acoustics IV-A (ed. W. R Mason), pp. 225-76. Academic Press, London. [252]... 

This agrees with all previous results as far as the first term is concerned. The second constant term 0.3863 is very close to Broersma s 0.38 (73) and to the value 0.392 obtained by Broomfield et al. (76) from their shell-model theory, which is essentially a limiting case of the Kikwood-Riseman theory (77) for the bead model of flexible chains. However, these values are about 0.3 smaller than the corresponding term in Eq. (D-5). This implies that if the ellipsoid model and the continuous string model are applied to the same experimental data for as a function of M, the former should lead to a d value which is about i.35 times larger than that obtained by the latter. On the other hand, both models should give an identical value for ML. 

When histone proteins are isolated from chromatin their mass is equal to the DNA, and the molar ratio of four of the histones is 1 1 1 1 (H2a H2b H3 H4), while HI is found in half the amount (0.5). Discuss whether or not these data fit the bead-and-string model for nucleosomes. 

For a physical string model, at least three coupled waveguide models should be considered, corresponding to the horizontal and vertical transverse wave polarizations,... 

In [NiFe] hydrogenase, catalyzation does not necessarily occur in the neutral state of the active site. Therefore we have to consider electron transfer during catalyzation. Hence, we calculated the energy of the anion and dianion complexes in the catalytic reaction, where the structures of each state are assumed to be optimized structures and transition states of the neutral state. This is the starting point in the analysis of the string model.105-107... 

Figure 9-18. String model of the catalytic mechanism in the oxidized system of DvMF. The unit of energy is Kcal/mol. The energies in this diagram do not include the zero-point energy...

Tachibana A, Fueno H, Tanaka E, Murashima M, Koizumi M, Yamabe T (1991) String model for the rate constant of nonadiabatic solvation in the hydration reaction of carbon dioxide. Int. J. Quant. Chem. 39 561-583... 

Tachibana A (1991) String model of chemical reaction coordinate. J. Math. Chem. 7 95-110... 

The idea of striped hole structurization under the action of dopant ions [10] was later modified in the string model [5,6]. That deals with nanosized bosonic stripes (NBS) of the discrete width Wp = r]a, where a is the size of unit cell in Cu02 layers, and rj denotes the rank of NBS in their hierarchy on an energy scale. 

Shape change algorithms vary from simple analytical descriptions to a variety of numerical models of increasing sophistication. For example, numerical front tracking or string models [12, 62] and surface triangularization (3D-simulations [303])... 

In addition, an exact algebraic solution for the incubation period of bottom-up filling has been described for the situation when catalyst is pre-adsorbed and negligible consumption occurs during subsequent metal deposition [344], As with the string model, this analytical solution captures the essential aspects of the shape transitions that accompany the trench superfilling CEAC dynamic. The analytical solution also provides a metric for evaluating the accuracy of numerical models and associated computer codes. 

The nucleosome core particle NCP (Fig. 4) is the first organisation level of chromatin, constituent of chromosomes. It is the "bead" in the "beads on a string" model of chromatine. 

The shape evolution of microfeatures is followed using a number of techniques. The string model was popular at first [191], but profile advancement based on the method of characteristics [192, 193] is more robust. In another method [194, 195] the solid is divided into a large number of elements (digitized). The volume digits are removed (etching) based on the local etch rate and a local mass balance. If deposition takes place a volume element is added locally. Unfortunately, items (b)-(e) above are largely unknown for almost all material systems. Surface ehemistry in particular is one of the major limitations of current models of profile evolution. One is then forced to use a number of adjustable parameters that limit the predictive value of the model. 

Quadruplexes could also act purely as a structural feature, enabling easy recognition by proteins or other species. This model has been proposed for telomeric repeats, perhaps as a beads-on-a-string model of sequential folded quadruplexes. Other regions could also have such structural behaviours. 

Track 37] Weak All-Pass Stiffness in a String Model. [Track 38] Banded Waveguide Bar. 

Figure 10.7. Simple nonlinear waveguide string model.

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