Strike-slip displacement

Strike-slip displacement, in which one crustal plate shears past another, is relatively rare in the solar system except in a few places. On Earth, with its global tectonics, strike-slip between plates is well known. The San Andreas fault in California is a famous example. Similar strike-slip is ubiquitous on Europa. Faults there include some longer than the San Andreas, with Strike-slip displacement of tens of km. Strike-slip displacement on Europa is probably driven by diurnal tides, and thus by the Laplace resonance. Over the course of a day, the tidal stress follows a sequence that can open a crack, shear it, then close it. Then, stress that would reverse the shear is resisted while the crack is closed. This process repeats on a daily basis. In this process, which is analogous to walking, one plate of crust can shear past another, with Strike-slip displacement visible along the boundary. This process has been described in detail by Hoppa et al. (1999b). 

Using this tool, Sarid et al. (2002) were able to show that most Strike-slip displacement features in the leading hemisphere had formed further north than their current positions, while those in the trailing hemisphere had formed further south. This result has been used to infer that polar wander has occurred. That is to say that the icy shell of Europa has slipped around as a whole, moving the former pole locations to places tens of degrees away from the spin axis. Strike-slip also provides additional evidence that cracks from the surface penetrate all the way down to liquid water. This result argues against the notion that the ice is so thick that the ocean is isolated from the surface. 

Sarid, A. R., Greenberg, R., Hoppa, G. V., Hurford, T. A., Tufts, B. R., and Geissler, P. (2002). Polar Wander and Surface Convergence of Europa s Ice Shell Evidence from a Survey of Strike-slip displacement. Icarus, 158 24-41. 

Watanabe (1986, 1989, 1990a,b, 1991) studied the vein pattern, the age of vein-type deposits and the volcanic rocks in southwest Hokkaido and showed that the major veins such as those at the Toyoha and Chitose have been formed at dextral strike-slip movement of an E-W trend, and those veins are situated at the west-southwest extension of the maximum displaced zone within the dextral shear belt along the Kuril arc. Watanabe (1990b) also showed that the veins in the Sapporo-Iwanai district strike E-W and are oblique to the NW-SE volcanic chains which are sub-parallel to the maximum principal stress estimated in southwest Hokkaido during Late Miocene to Holocene and oblique subduction of Pacific Plate was active during the Plio-Pleistocene age. 

Strike-slip fault fault whose relative displacement is purely horizontal. 

Like the whole of the Classical Karst of Slovenia, the area investigated lies on the Adriatic sub-plate, a part of the African macroplate. The contact with the European continent lies about 80km to the north. During the last 2 Ma, changes in the motion of the Adriatic sub - plate have led to the establishment of several dextral strike - slip faults of Dinaric trend (i.e. southeast to northwest direction). As a reflection of its 12 km displacement and ongoing neotectonic activity, the Idria Fault is usually considered the... 

Faults in which the dominant displacement is horizontal movement along the trend or strike (length) of the fault are called strike-slip faults. When a large strike-slip fault is associated with plate boundaries it is called a transform fault. The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known transform fault. 

Types of faults (a) normal fault, (b) reverse fault, (c) wrench or strike-slip fault, (d) oblique-slip fault. FW = Ibotwall HW = hanging wall AB = throw BC = heave (j> = angle of hade. Arrows show the direction of relative displacement. 

Displacement vector diagram (Figure 18) shows that the displacement of SW wall in Xiaoyudong fault is mainly perpendicular to strike of fault and mainly moves to SE, NE fault wall moves to NWW direction, moving pattern of the whole fault is left-lateral strike-slip. 

The surface ruptures of Haiyuan Earthquake were 273 km long, which can be divided into two segments with the east end of Nanhuashan as the boundary. The seismic fault was the sinistral strike-slip fault, where the maximum horizontal displacement was approximately 10 m and the maximum vertical displacement was approximately 7.6 m. 

Earthquake Mechanism and Seafloor Deformation for Tsunami Generation, Fig. 2 Comparison of vertical displacement field from (a) thrust fault (dip=18°) and (b) strike-slip fault (dip=90°). In both cases, depth to... 

The effectiveness of strike-slip faults in generating tsunamis relative to dip-slip faults has recently been debated. Although the slip vector is parallel to the surface, there is vertical displacement associated with strike-slip faults, occurring in a quadrupole pattern (see also Fig. 2b). Using a dislocation model, the vertical displacement pattern for dip-slip and strike-slip faults is compared in Fig. 2 for the same amount of slip and depth to the up-dip edge of the dislocation. For this case, the maximum vertical... 

The sense of fault displacement is the major criteria in positioning trenches before starting the excavation. Fault-perpendicular trenches are often used to locate fault zones and identify the recurrence patterns. Dip-slip paleo-events can be characterized in terms of recurrence and displacement by a single fault-perpendicular trench, especially where the deformation is localized in a narrow zone. However, multiple trenches, both fault-perpendicular and fault-parallel, are needed to measure the horizontal slip along strike-slip faults. The concept of 3D trenching was developed for this type of faulting, where both... 

In addition to the location and timing of a paleo-event, weU-located fault-perpendicular trenches for dip-slip faults or fault-parallel trenches for strike-slip faults provide the slip history (magnitude of displacement). 

Permanent translation (fling) is a consequence of permanent fault displacement due to an earthquake it appears in the form of step displacement and one-sided velocity pulse in the strike-parallel direction for strike-slip faults or in the strike-normal direction for dip-slip faults. In the latter case, directivity and permanent translation effects build up in the same direction. Figure 3 illustrates characteristic examples of permanent translation (fling) from the 1999 Izmit earthquake. The fault-parallel velocity and displacement time histories recorded at Yarimca (YPT) and Sakarya (SKR) stations are affected by the permanent displacement along the right-lateral strike-slip North Anatolian Fault. 

In fact, the inverse problem is of great interest. This means the attempt to retrieve, also in a quantitative way, the source parameters starting from the knowledge of the fiiSAR surface displacement field. In particular, some useful information to define the fault geometry (dip and strike angle width and length), the extension of the rupture, and the slip distribution on the fault plane can be obtained. 

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