Strict aerobes

Aerobic respiration (organic All plants, animals, and strictly aerobic... 

Nakano NM, P Zuber (1998) Anaerobic growth of a strict aerobe Bacillus subtilis). Annu Rev Microbiol 52 165-190. 

Organisms which oxidize methane exclusively and use this substrate as a source of carbon and energy appear to be restricted to Methanomonas sp. The latter is a strict aerobe which presumably contains cytochromes (67). 

Under aerobic conditions, aerobic bacteria has so far been only found in studies capable of reducing azo compounds and produce aromatic amines by specific oxygen-catalyzed enzymes called azo reductases. These aerobic bacteria could grow with mostly simple azo compounds as sole source of carbon and energy and under strict aerobic conditions by using a metabolism that started with reductive cleavage of the azo linkage. 

One of the largest groups of strictly aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, the pseudomonads (Pseudomonas and related genera), are of interest to biochemists because of their ability to oxidize organic compounds, such as alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and steroids, which are not attacked by most other bacteria. Often, the number of oxidative reactions used by any one species of bacteria is limited. For example, the acetic acid bacteria that live in wine and beer obtain all of their energy by oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid ... 

Not only are two molecules of ATP hydrolyzed to pump each electron, but the Fe-protein must receive electrons from a powerful (low E°) reductant such as reduced ferredoxin, reduced flavodoxin, or dithionite. Klebsiella pneumoniae contains a pyruvate flavodoxin oxidoreductase (Eq. 15-35) that reduces either flavodoxin or ferredoxin to provide the low potential electron donor.29 30 In some bacteria, e.g., the strictly aerobic Azotobacter, NADPH is the electron donor for reduction of N2. The Fe-protein is thought to accept electrons from a chain that includes at least the ordinary bacterial ferredoxin (Fd) and a special one-electron-accepting azotoflavin, a flavoprotein that is somewhat larger than the flavodoxins (Chapter 15) and appears to play a specific role in N2 fixation.31 In Clostridium and Rhizobium reduced ferredoxins generated by cleavage of pyruvate reduce nitrogenase directly.32... 

Whereas the heart muscle operates under strictly aerobic conditions, skeletal muscle can function either aerobically or anaerobically. The energy consumption of skeletal muscle varies enormously with the extent of muscle activity. During periods of mild exertion, muscle tissue requires... 

Halomoms pantelleriensis is an extremophile, haloalkaliphilic microorganism that requires strictly aerobic conditions for growth (Pieretti et al., 2008) the structure has been reported in Fig. 4.12. The treatment allowed the identification of the linkage between the O-chain and the core structure. 

Various proteins have been identified as markers for general stress in microorganisms or for specific stress like temperature, pH, toxic products, oxygen deficiency for strict aerobes, or oxygen toxicity for anaerobes, etc. most of them are rather small in size. Most work was done with E. coli (for a review see e.g. [53] and with B. subtilis [54]). 

Recall that molecular oxygen does not participate directly in the citric acid cycle. However, the cycle operates only under aerobic conditions because NAD+ and FAD can be regenerated in the mitochondrion only by the transfer of electrons to molecular oxygen. Glycolysis has both an aerobic and an anaerobic mode, whereas the citric acid cycle is strictly aerobic. Glycolysis can proceed under anaerobic conditions because NAD+ is regenerated in the conversion of pyruvate into lactate. 

Chemolithotrophs h Thiobacillus, Beggiatoa 4, 6, 8 Wide variety of soils and HjS-con- olised for synthesis of cellular constituents. Mainly strict aerobes — some utilize... 

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