Stress-related genes

Ethical concerns over the use of animals may be addressed by the use of ex vivo or in vitro cell culture models such as this. In addition comeal cell culture combined with objectively quantifiable assays for comeal epithelial barrier disruption and transactivation of stress-related genes may reduce the high variability associated to the subjectively scored Draize Test. 

Zhang, Z., Ferraris, J.D., Brooks, H.L., Brisc, I., and Burg, M.B., 2003, Expression of osmotic stress-related genes in tissues of normal and hyposmotic rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 285(4) F688-F693. 

Neurotoxicity of aluminum and copper are associated with the upregulation of stress-related gene expression patterns. Whole human genome microarray data... 

Liu, J., Kaduska, M., Liu, Y., Qu, W., Mason, R.P., Walker, M.P. (2000). Acute arsenic induced free radical production and oxidative stress related gene expression in mice. Toxicologists 54 280-1. 

Wounding, high salt concentration, heavy metal ions or osmotic stress positively influenced somatic embryo induction in diverse plant species (reviewed by Dudits et al, 1995). These procedures were accomp>anied by increased expression of diverse stress-related genes, evoking the hypothesis that somatic embryogenesis is an adaptation process of in vitro cultured plant cells (Dudits et at, 1995). 

Groenendijk, B. C., B. P. Hierck, J. Vrohjk et al. 2005. Changes in shear stress-related gene expression after experimentally altered venous retrun in the chicken embryo. Circ Res 96(12) 1291-8. 

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