Streptomyces cinnamonensis

Ratnatilleke A, JW Vrijbloed, JA Robinson (1999) Cloning and sequencing of the coenzyme B,2-binding domain of isobutyryl-CoA mutase from Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Reconstitution of mutase activity and characterization of the recombinant enzyme produced in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 274 31679-31685. 

Beran, M. and Zima, J., Determinations of Monensins A and B in the fermentation broth of Streptomyces cinnamonensis by high performance liquid chromatography, Chromatographia, 35, 206, 1993. 

Pospisil S, Peterkova M, Krumphanzl V, Vanek Z. (1984) Regulatory mutants of Streptomyces cinnamonensis producing monensin A. FEMS Microbiol Lett 24 209-213. 

Monensin, (X), obtained from streptomyces cinnamonensis, is an inhibitor of mitochondrial metabolism. As isolated, it is a mixture of... 

Y., Staunton, J. and Leadlay, P.F. (2003) Analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyether antibiotic monensin in Streptomyces cinnamonensis and evidence for the role of monB and monC genes in oxidative cyclization. Molecular Microbiology. 49,1179-1190. 

Monensins A 2 and B 3 are polyether ionophores produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis that differ only in the sidechain... 

Polyether metabolites are ionophoric antibiotics which have their major applications in the area of animal husbandry. The distribution of oxygen atoms in these structures predisposes them towards the complexation of alkali metal ions, and their mode of action is considered to depend upon the ability to disrupt the sodium-potassium ion balance across cell membranes. Monensin A from Streptomyces cinnamonensis and tetronasin from Streptomyces longisporoflavus are extensively studied examples of these metabolites. 

Monensin is a carboxylic ionophore isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of Streptomyces cinnamonensis Monensin can be readily incorporated into biological membranes due to its hydrophobicity... 

Also, the ability of the monensin-producing organism Streptomyces cinnamonensis to convert the cis and trans isomers of nerolidol has been investigated11581. However, here again this led to a low-yield mixture of several products. 

A fully satisfying answer to the question of the biosynthesis of polyether compounds such as monensin A (3) cannot be given from the results described here. However, it is clear that the new the Townsend-Basak-McDonald hypothesis has gained ground on the older Cane-Celmer-Westley hypothesis. A key experiment to test the Townsend-Basak-McDonald hypothesis will be the use of labeled (Z,Z,Z)-triens of type 4 in feeding experiments with Streptomyces cinnamonensis. 

Birch A, Leiser A, Robinson JA (1993) Cloning, sequencing, expression of the gene encoding methyhnalonyl-coenzyme A mutase from Streptomyces cinnamonensis. J Bacteriol 175 3511-3519... 

Vrilbloed JW, Zerbe-Brnkhardt K, Ratnatilleke A, Grubelnik-Leiser A, Robinson JA (1999) Insertional inactivation of methylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) mutase and isobutyryl-CoA mutase genes in Streptomyces cinnamonensis-. influence on polyketide antibiotic biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 181 5600 - 5605... 

Monensin (14.12), isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is a fully hydrogenated pyranyl-furyl-furyl-dioxaspirodecyl derivative of butyric acid, mol. wt. 670 (Lutz, Winkler and Dunitz, 1971). The sodium salt is more soluble in hydrocarbons than in water. It is used to promote growth of cattle, acting by changing active transport in anaerobic rumen bacteria, which favours survival of strains which produce nutritive aliphatic acids. It is also used to treat coccidiosis in chicks. For another example, see gramicidin D (p. 605). 

Figure 5.76 Schematic representation of the genetic organization of the furanonaphthoquinone I and endophenazine A biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces cinnamonensis DSM 1042.

Monensin, a polyether antibiotic, was isolated from a strain of Streptomyces cinnamonensis in 1967, and its structure was determined shortly thereafter. 

In the case of ionophore determination a rather high concentration of the ion to be complexed in the aqueous phase is used while the ionophore is present at a low concentration in the organic phase. Under increasing potential scan the current peak is controlled by diffusion of the ionphore to ITIES and by diffusion of the complex formed from ITIES into the bulk of the organic phase while after scan reversal opposite processes take place. The peak currents are proportional to ionophore concentration. This method has been applied to the determination of monensin in cultures of Streptomyces cinnamonensis [33]. 

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