Streptococcal carbohydrates

Eichmann, K. Kindt, T.J. (1971). The inheritance if individual antigenic specificities of rabbit antibodies to streptococcal carbohydrates. J. Exp. Med. 134,532-552. 

Briles and Krause carried out adoptive transfers using 10 spleen cells from SWR/J mice that had produced antibody of restricted heterogeneity to group A streptococcal carbohydrate (118). Recipient mice produced antibodies that were identical to those of the donor by the criteria of electrophoretic mobility and idiotype. 

Another example of autoimmunization is afforded by the work of Eichmann (52), who succeeded in eliciting anti-D antibodies to A/J anti-streptococcal carbohydrate antibodies by attaching the antibodies to streptococci and immunizing A/J mice with the complex. 

A second pair of antibodies to streptococcal carbohydrate were shown by H-L recombination experiments to have identical idiotypic determinants on their L chains . In spite of this idiotypic identity, the chains differed in electrophoretic mobility and in amino terminal sequence. 

Shioiri-Nakano, K. Tadokoro, I. Kudo, M. Instrumental analysis of streptococcal components. I. Carbohydrate and fatty acid constitution of hemolytic streptococci. Jap. J. Exper. Med. 1966,36, 563-576. 

Hayrinen I, Pelkonen S, Finne J. Structural similarity of the type-specific group B streptococcal polysaccharides and the carbohydrate units of tissue glycoproteins evaluation of possible cross-reactivity. Vaccine 1989 7 217-24. 

Eichel-Streiber Cv, Sauerborn M (1990) Clostridium difficile toxin A carries a C-terminal repetitive structure homologous to the carbohydrate binding region of streptococcal glycosyltransferases. In Gene, 96 107—ll3. 

Anti-type III pneumococcal polysaccharide O Anti-type VIII pneumococcal polysaccharide Anti-streptococcal group A variant carbohydrate A Anti-streptococcal group C carbohydrate + Anti-p-azophenylarsonate x Anti-Micrococcus lysodeikticus " Mouse kappa light chain. c Human kappa light chain subgroup IV. d K9-335 has an identical sequence as K9-338. 

Haleys Dialyzed Iron and Related Methods, Hyaluronic acid was said by Hale to combine with dialyzed iron in acetic acid solution 89), After the sections were rinsed, the classical HCl - potassium ferrocyanide reaction was used to color (as Prussian blue) the sites of iron-binding. The need for fixatives that would not dissolve hyaluronic acid was emphasized. The specificity was established by exposing duplicate portions of tissue to streptococcal hyaluronidase, presumable filtrates, before staining. This prevented coloration of hyaluronic acid but not that of other acidic carbohydrates. 

Fig. 10.3 General structure of streptococcal cell wall carbohydrate X, N-aae-tylglucosamine for Group A and A-acetylgalactosamine for Group C. Rhamnose (R) Itself is the immunodominant grouping in Group A-variant streptococci. The average molecular weight is about 10,000. From Krause (7).

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