Strength as a function of temperature

Fig. 2. Strength as a function of temperature for representative SiC stmctural ceramics A, sintered (Y2O2 added) , hot-pressed (2% AI2O2) sintered...

The temperature ranges have been chosen on the basis of the danger to humans and on the basis of material strength as a function of temperature. For instance temperature between 0°C and 70°C is harmless to people in general. The temperature range between 70°C and 150°C is a typical temperature range for... 

Figure 4. Variation of impact strength as a function of temperature for a crude PVC/EPR and a PVC homopolymer...

Another type of calorimetric technique is called thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is the study of the weight of a material as a function of temperature. The method is used to evaluate the thermal stability from the weight loss caused by loss of volatile species. A final example, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), focuses on mechanical properties such as modulus or impact strength as a function of temperature. Both types of analysis are essential for the evaluation of polymers that to be used at high temperatures. 

Figure 3-1 illustrates the trends in tensile strength, as a function of temperature, for the small diameter ceramic fibers that were available in the late 1980s (Pysher et al., 1989). The tensile elastic modulus was also measured as a function of temperature (Figure 3-2a and Figure 3-2b). Data on fiber strength have been updated and generalized by DiCarlo and Dutta (1995) and are included in Figure 3-4. The stiffness properties of ceramic fibers are very similar to those of bulk ceramics with comparable microstructures (e.g., the elastic modulus of bulk glass-bonded mullite is similar to 3MNextel 480 fiber).

FIGURE 6. Comparison of fiber strengths as a function of temperature. (Reprinted, from reference 23, with land permission of Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers). 

FIGURE 6. 2-D Nicalon /Al203 tensile strength as a function of temperature (data generated by the University ofMichigan for Williams International). 

FIGURE 9. Flexural strength as a function of temperature for an alumina-20 vol.% SiC whisker composite and an unreinforced alumina. 

Figure 10.152 Impact strength as a function of temperature (unnotched according to ISO 179/leU) of BASF Ultrason P 3010 PPSU [6],...

Fi)i. 10. Strength as a function of temperature in air revealing the greater resistance of the Hi-Nicalon fibre compared to other fibres which contain oxygen-rich intergranular phases. 

In 1909, Ludwik developed a relationship between stress and strength as a function of temperature, basing his theory on the relatively abrupt increase of notched bar fracture work with increase of test temperature, i.e. the transition behavior. He proposed that steel had a plastic flow (yield) strength which decreased with temperature, and cohesive (fracture) strength nearly independent of temperature (Rossmanith, 1997). 

Fig. 1. Tensile strength as a function of temperature of an epoxide resin, flexibilized in different ways.

Fig. 9. Compressive strength as a function of temperature for PU and PS foams with density, process, and orientation as...

Figure 26 Variation of the lap shear strength as a function of temperature for conductive adhesives (a) IP 680 silver-filled polyimide cured at 300°C (b) IP 670 silver-filled epoxy...

Rosenblatt [12] measured the anchoring strength as a function of temperature using a Fr ericksz technique (EQNS (20) and (23)) in a very thin (t < 2.5 jun) surfactant-treated cell of 4-methoxyben lidene-4 -butylaniline (MBBA) and rqiorted that in the nematic phase A varies from approximately 6.5 to 1.3 x 10 J/m for Tni - 20 C < T < Tni. The measurement method developed in which the electric Fr edericksz transition threshold is measured in a wedged capacitance cell is applied to the interface between MBBA and dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to promote homeotropic alignment, and the value obtained is (5.2 1.2) x 10 J/m at Tm - T = 2.5°C [13]. 

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