Streams catchment

Frau, F. and Ardau, C. (2003) Geochemical controls on arsenic distribution in the Baccu Locci stream catchment (Sardinia, Italy) affected by past mining. Applied Geochemistry, 18(9), 1373-86. 

Dillon, P. J., and L. A. Molot. 1997. Effect of landscape form on export of dissolved organic carbon, iron and phosphorous from forested stream catchments. Water Resources Research... 

Elder, J. F., N. B. Rybicki, V. Carter, and V. Weintraub. 2000. Sources and yields of dissolved carbon in northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of peatland. Wetlands 20 113-125. 

Figure 8. Location of the Bear Brook catchments. Dotted area shows the twin stream catchments, West Bear and East Bear Brook.

Dillon, P.J., Molot, L.A. and Scheider, W.A. (1991). Phosphorus and nitrogen export from forested stream catchments in central Ontario. /. Environ. Qual, 20, 857-864. 

Hamilton SK, Bunn SE, Thoms MC et al (2005) Persistence of aquatic refugia between flow pulses in a dryland river system (Cooper Creek, Australia). Lirrmol Oceanogr 50 743-754 Bernal S, Butturini A, Sabater E (2002) Variability of DOC and nitrate responses to storms in a small Mediterranean forested catchment. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6 1031-1041 Romani AM, Vazquez E, Butturini A (2006) Microbial availability and size fractionation of dissolved organic carbon after drought in an intermittent stream biogeochemical link across the Stream-Riparian interface. Microb Ecol 52 501-512... 

Fig. 1 Results from a redundancy analysis of stream nutrient concentrations vs. catchment characteristics in 31 headwater catchments in Catalonia (Spain). Note how phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium (NH4) appear associated with urban point and diffuse sources (Urban percent urban land use, Inhabs number of inhabitants, eq. inhab inhabitant equivalents), whereas nitrate (NO3) concentration is positively associated with irrigated agriculture (IrrAg) and bovine cattle units (ECU), and negatively with mean catchment slope (slope) and percent forest land (Forest). The other variables are Area log area, P precipitation, NonIrrAg non irrigated agriculture. Data are from the Catalan water agency (http //ww.gencat.cat/ac)...

Merseburger GC, Marti E, Sabater F (2005) Net changes in nutrient concentrations below a point source input in two streams draining catchments with contrasting land uses. Sci Total Environ 347 217-229... 

Hydraulic Routing in the RCHRES Module. HSPF uses a simple technique for flow routing. The catchment stream network is subdivided into "reaches" (Figure 1) and calculations start with the upstream ones. Each reach may have several outflows and each outflow rate may be a function of storage in the reach (storage routing) or a function of time (e.g. to supply demands of irrigators), or a combination of both. 

Lassaletta L, Garcla-Gomez H, Gimeno BS, Rovira JV (2009) Agriculture-induced increase in nitrate concentrations in stream waters of a large Mediterranean catchment over 25 years (1981-2005). Sci Total Environ 407 6034-6043... 

Tisseuil C, Wade AJ, Tudesque L (2008) Modeling the stream water nitrate dynamics in a 60,000-km2 European catchment, the Garonne, southwest France. J Environ Qual 37 2155-2169... 

The western portion of the Thomson project area is classified as desert, with rainfall <250 mm/yr. The eastern portion is classified as grassland, with rainfall 250-500 mm/yr (Caritat Lech 2007). Summers are hot and dry, winters cool. Highly variable rainfall results in ephemeral streams, particularly in the west, and many of the creeks and rivers flow only during flood events, which can be significant events. The low-gradient, sinuous and anastomosing streams, creeks and rivers broaden to include flood plains often several kilometres wide. It is during these events that fine silts and clays from the upstream catchment are deposited on the floodplains. 

The input of airborne lead to the Forest ecosystems has been studied at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. The small catchment approach has been used to study the lead biogeochemical cycle since 1963 (Likens et al., 1977 Driscoll et al., 1994). By monitoring precipitation inputs and stream output from small watersheds that are essentially free of deep seepage, it is possible to constmct accurate lead mass balance. The detailed study of soil and soil solution chemistry and forest floor and vegetation dynamics supplemented the deposition monitoring. 

These long-term small catchment study results suggest that stream water concentrations are very low and not a water quality concern. In addition, a study of lead in soil solution and stream water following a commercial whole-tree harvest at Hubbard Brook showed that Pb was not released to drainage waters from clearcutting activities (Fuller et al., 1988). 

Two studies conducted between November 2000 and November 2001 in the neighbouring countries of The Netherlands (five locations at the rivers Rhine and Meuse) [13] and Germany (21 rivers and streams belonging to the river Rhine catchment area in Hesse) [14] allow for some comparison to be made. Dissolved aqueous concentrations... 

Twenty three catchment basins were identified by dividing each elementary stream into several intervals containing... 

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