Stratigraphy

The Colli Albani volcano has long attracted the attention of scientists, who reported important field observations and clarified several first-order vol-canological, petrological and morphological features of the volcano (e.g. Sabatini 1900). However, the extensive study by Fomaseri et al. (1963) 

Volcanological and geochronological studies (Fomaseri et al. 1963 De Rita et al. 1995 Kamer et al. 2001 Marra et al. 2003) have resulted in the recognition of three main phases of activity at Colli Albani  

The Tuscolano-Artemisio phase (about 0.6 to 0.3 Ma), which built up the main cone and was concluded by a caldera collapse. 

The Faete phase (or Campi di Annibale phase 0.3 to 0.2 Ma), during which activity was from the intra-caldera Faete cone and resulted in an intra-caldera collapse. 

The hydromagmatic phase (0.20 to about 0.02 Ma), characterised by violent phreatomagmatic explosions. 

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Seismic studies are very useful when information is lacking on subsurface stratigraphy, or when the depth to bedrock, the water table, a particular bed or formation, or some other layer in the subsurface must be determined without drilling. Seismic lines can be set up to produce stratigraphic cross sections and they can be a very useful "non-invasive" inves-... 

Deacon, H.J. and Geleijnse, VB. 1988 The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the main site sequence, Klasies River, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 43 5-14. 

Many Kuroko deposits are distributed in the Hokuroku di.strict. Northeast Honshu (Fig. 1.9). Therefore, general geology and stratigraphy of the Hokuroku district is briefly described below mainly following T. Sato (1974, 1977), Tanimura et al. (1983) and Ishikawa (1991) (Table 1.3). 

Simplified stratigraphic column in the Hokuroku district and correlations with the Oga stratigraphy (Tanimura et al 1983)... 

Part II. Stratigraphy and structure of the Hokuroku district. Econ. Geol. Mon., 5, 24-38. 

Figure 5. An example of the use of concentrations to assess changes in sediment mass accumulation taken from McManus et al. (1998). The upper panel shows the measured °Thxs, calculated from measured °Th concentrations by correction for detrital °Th, and for the effects of age using 5 0 stratigraphy (see Appendix). Because the supply of °Th to the sediment is a constant, low °Th represent times of rapid sediment mass accumulation. The calculated mass flux is shown in the lower panel. Dramatic increases in mass flux are observed during all but one of the Heinrich events, shown by the gray bands.

The injection well is in the same area as the Monsanto well, so the geology and native water chemistry are very similar to that described before. Figure 20.13 shows the stratigraphy of the immediate area... 

Harris, E. C. (ed.) (1997), Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy, Academic Press, New York. 

Krumbein, W. C. and L. Sloss (1951), Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, Freeman, San Francisco. 

O Brien, M. J. and R. L. Lyman (1999), Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils The Backbone of Archaeological Dating, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York. 

Shackleton, N. J. and N. D. Opdyke (1973), Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of equatorial Pacific core V28-238, Quatem. Research 3, 39-55. 

Benthic mixing in deep sea cores as determined by 14C dating and its implications regarding climate stratigraphy and fate of fossil fuel C02, In Anderson, W. R., Malahoff, A., eds., Fate of Fossil Fuel C02 in the Ocean, Mar. Sci. Ser, 6,... 

A concern has been expressed [8,9] about the correctness of the stratigraphy upon which the selection [1] of our Italian samples was based. Very recent work [10] on a deep-sea core from the southeastern Atlantic Ocean near South Africa, however, supported the Italian stratigraphy. 

Geologic maps constitute a familiar class of models. To map a sedimentary section, a geologist collects data at certain outcrops. He casts his observations in terms of the local stratigraphy, which is itself a model that simplifies reality by allowing groups of sediments to be lumped together into formations. He then interpolates among his data points (and projects beneath them) to infer positions for formation contacts, faults, and so on across his field area. 

T. A. Cross (ed.), Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 195-231. 

Hay, R. L., 1963, Stratigraphy and zeolitic diagenesis of the John Day formation of Oregon. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, Berkeley, pp.199-261. 

The test of weak leach methods shows that glacigenic till and stratified sediments are usable material for mobile metal ion tracing. The thickness of overburden is not an essential factor for affecting the mobile ion concentrations in the upper soil horizon. However, the influence of complex till stratigraphy is not clear for ion mobilization from the bedrock source of surface. 

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