77-strand macromolecule

Note 1 Except in linear single-strand macromolecules, the definition of a chain may be somewhat arbitrary. 

Double-strand macromolecule consisting of an uninterrupted sequence of rings, with adjacent rings having only one atom in common. 

Note A spiro macromolecule is a double-strand macromolecule with adjacent constitutional units joined to each other through three atoms, two on one side and one on the other side of each constitutional unit. 

Note A macromolecule that comprises constitutional units joined to each other through n atoms on at least one side of each constitutional unit is termed an -strand macromolecule, e.g., three-strand macromolecule. If an ambiguity exists in defining n, the highest possible number is selected. 

Polymer, the macromolecules of which are single-strand macromolecules. 

A polymer the macromolecules of which are single-strand macromolecules, i.e. macromolecules comprising constitutional units connected in such a way that adjacent constitutional units are joined to each other through two atoms, one on each constitutional unit [3, 7, 9]. 

There is some information in the literature about synthesis of polymers with alternating diorgano-siloxane and organosilsesquioxane units [6-10] in cyclolinear double-stranded macromolecule of the polymer [11], The first series of works has used co-hydrolysis products of dimethyldichloro-silane with phenyltrichlorosilane [6, 7], dimethyldichlorosilane with methyltrichlorosilane [8] or methylphenyldichlorosilane with phenyltrichlorosilane [9] for synthesis of the polymers. 

RNA, unlike DNA, is a single-stranded macromolecule. Would you expect the percentage guanine in RNA to equal the percentage cytosine Why or why not ... 

Using this as a basis, other groups also took up this synthetic method to develop multistep syntheses to conjugated ladder-type polymers (Tour et al., in 1993 Swager et al., in 1994 see Section II.C). This type of synthetic method currently represents the most powerful of the available routes to conjugated, double-stranded macromolecules. 

Note 1 An alternating copolymer is a copolymer consisting of single-strand macromolecules comprising two species of monomer units in alternating sequence [2]. 

In order to calculate the average molecular mass MR of the network strands, the mass m, of the giant macromolecule is devided by the number N of strands in the network. 

Lactide/glycoUde polymers have been investigated for delivery of several other macromolecules. Synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly-isosinic acid/polycytidylic acid, a potent inducer of interferon, was formulated in a 53 47 copolymer of DL-lactide-co-glycoUde. The microspheres were evaluated in mice challenged with Right Valley fever virus. More than 16 days protection was afforded versus only 3 days for controls (137). 

In 1993, Scherf and Chmil described the first synthesis of a ladder-type poly(pflra-phenylene-czs-vinylene) (116) [138]. On the one hand, ladder polymer 116 represents, a planar poly(phenylene) containing additional vinylene bridges on the other hand, it is a poly(phenylenevinylene) with aryl-aryl linkages in the polymeric main chain. The target macromolecules, as fully aromatic ladder polymers, are composed of all-carbon six-membered rings in the double-stranded main chain (an example of angularly annelated poly(acene)s). 

Vandermeulen GWM, Tziatzios C, Klok HA (2003) Reversible self-organization of poly (ethylene glycol)-based hybrid block copolymers mediated by a de novo four- stranded alpha-helical coiled coil motif Macromolecules 36 4107 114... 

VoUcel, AR Noolandi, J, Mobilities of Labeled and Unlabeled Single-Stranded DNA in Free Solntion Electrophoresis, Macromolecules 28, 8182, 1995. 

The unique properties of oligonucleotides create crosslinking options that are far different from any other biological molecule. Nucleic acids are the only major class of macromolecule that can be specifically duplicated in vitro by enzymatic means. The addition of modified nucleoside triphosphates to an existing DNA strand by the action of polymerases or transferases allows addition of spacer arms or detection components at random or discrete sites along the chain. Alternatively, chemical methods that modify nucleotides at selected functional groups can be used to produce spacer arm derivatives or activated intermediates for subsequent coupling to other molecules. 

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