Storage of toxicants

In addition, restrictions on industrial air emissions under the Clean Air Act (CAA) as amended in 1977, the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990, and other state and local statutes and regulations have universal impact on the storage of toxic materials, with direct and significant effects on the design and operation of toxic material storage facilities. Whereas the primary factors which once determined how air emissions from storage tanks were handled were fire protection and loss prevention, in recent years environmental protection concerns nearly always determine the extent and nature of the air emission controls required to be installed. 

While either rupture disks or relief valves are allowed on storage tanks by Code, rupture disks by themselves should not be used on tanks for the storage of toxic or other highly hazardous materials since they do not close after opening and may lead to continuing release of hazardous material to the atmosphere. 

The costs for the storage of raw materials, products and intermediates can be significant, namely for large-scale commodities. The storage of toxic and hazard chemicals should be avoided. 

Unauthorised Storage of Toxic Agents , Hearings before U S Senate Intelligence Committee (16, 17, 18 September 1975) p. 10. Chaired by Senator Frank Church, it was known at the Church Committee. 

Prevention of gum in certain organic liquids Storage of toxic volatile laboratory reagents Removal of certain catalyst residues... 

Transport and storage of toxic and hazardous oxidants can be eliminated by producing them on site at an amount proportional to the waste concentration. 

The storage of toxic battery residues in hazardous waste disposal sites until an acceptable recycling process can be developed. 

NFPA 55, 7.9 4.2.13 Other requirements for the storage of toxic and highly toxic gases can be foimd in NFPA 55, 7.9. 

Because a substantial amount of energy is required to supply tempered supply air to even a small hood, the use of hoods to store bottles of toxic or corrosive chemicals is a very wasteful practice, which can also, as noted above, seriously impair the effectiveness of the hood as a local ventilation device. Thus, it is preferable to provide separate vented cabinets for the storage of toxic or corrosive chemicals. The amount of air exhausted by such cabinets is much less than that exhausted by a properly operating hood. (Also see section 8.C.4.)... 

Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention. Substances and the form of a suhstance used in a chemical process should he chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, storage of toxic chemicals, explosions, and fires. 

Through the provision of such technical advice as well as actual labor and materials, the British helped to solve the dilemma with respect to toxic storage. Late in 1941 and early in 1942, the British experimented with the storage of toxics in concrete tanks only to reject that method in the spring of 1942 because the toxics seeped through the concrete. 

Minimal toxicity and flammability (process materials) Excellent. Requires no storage of toxic or flammable materials. 

Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures for the storage of toxic or highly toxic gas cylinders shall be internally sprinklered. Alternate fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used for either storage areas, gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures. (UFC 8003.3.1.2). 

Toxicants that are ingested generally are absorbed through the small intestine walls and are transported to the liver. The liver is the main site of toxicant metabolism and is where some poisonous substances are converted to less toxic forms more readily eliminated from the body whereas other substances are converted to toxic species. Toxic species are distributed around the body by the blood and lymph system, which can lead to systemic poisoning at sites remote from the entry of the substance into the body. Bone and adipose tissue (fat) are major sites of storage of toxicants. Bone accumulates heavy metals including lead and some radioactive materials, especially strontium-90, which biochemically behaves like calcium. Radioactive iodine accumulates in the thyroid and can cause thyroid cancer. Lipophilic toxicants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), that are poorly soluble in water tend to accumulate in adipose tissue. 

Storage of toxicants in tissues can alter both the toxicokinetics and the biologic effects of the toxicant... 

Media bottles for storage of prepared media must not be utilized for any other purpose. If these bottles are used for storage of toxic materials, residues may remain after washing and contaminate future preparations. 

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