Shipping and storage

Acryhc acid and esters are stabilized with minimum amounts of inhibitors consistent with stabihty and safety. The acryhc monomers must be stable and there should be no polymer formation for prolonged periods with normal storage and shipping (4,106). The monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) is frequentiy used as inhibitor and low inhibitor grades of the acrylate monomers are available for bulk handling. MEHQ at 10—15 ppm is generally... 

In addition, because of the extreme variation in the bulk density of products, use of the standard 19-L (5-gal), 38-L (10-gal), 61-L (16-gal), 114-L (30-gal), and 208-L (55-gal) metal dmms often results in excessive outage. Fiber dmms, in contrast, are available in a wide range of sizes, and can be sized to meet product volumes, thus allowing for Httle outage as weU as saving storage and shipping space. 

Superphosphate storage and shipping Particulates (dust) Exhaust system, cyclone or baghouse... 

Acid sludge storage and shipping Spent caustic handling Doctor treating... 

To this will be added one unit for storage and shipping, giving a total of seven units. 

This difference of 40% could partially be due to different scopes. If storage and shipping were not considered then the cost of the plant would be reduced to 3,140,000. The other possibility could be that the estimate is low. An error of this size, however, need not be surprising because very little information is needed to obtain the estimate. 

Application of nematodes in infected insect cadavers have also been described by some workers (Shapiro-Ilan et al. 2001, 2003), which enables the slow release of nematode and therefore considered effective for small-scale application. Coating the cadavers with starch and clay mixture helps in preventing rupture during storage and shipping (Shapiro-Ilan et al. 2001). 

Substances that are peroxide formers will often have an inhibitor or stabilizer added to prevent peroxidation. They are often not easily identifiable as peroxide formers by using MSDSs or ICSCs. Rather, they are frequently identified by another characteristic, such as flammability, for storage and shipping purposes. Examples of peroxide formers include 1,3-butadiene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, isopropyl ether, and alkali metals. Johnson et al. (2003) tabulate other chemical structures susceptible to peroxide formation. 

The information in this publication is applicable to many industrial facilities not covered by process safety regulations such as the OSHA PSM Standard and the Seveso II Directive. Many reactive chemicals are not listed as regulated materials, and chemical reactivity hazards include uncontrolled chemical reactions between materials not considered as highly hazardous, or under conditions not typically encountered in storage and shipping. 

Kiibler, K. S., C. A. Caico, Lin-Vien, D. and French, R. N Byproduct Emissions from Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Studies on the Release of Acrolein and Allyl Alcohol During Processing, Storage, and Shipping of PTT, Technical Information Report, WTC-3659, Shell Chemical Company, Houston, TX, 2000. 

Figure 4.2 For storage and shipping, SPMDs (shown on a deployment apparatus rack) are placed in a clean metal can, flushed with argon, and sealed with a gas tight lid. This figure reproduced courtesy of the American Petroleum Institute (Huckins et al., 2002).

The procedures given above are designed to prevent any contamination of SPMDs, to minimize losses of PRCs and accumulated analytes, and to reduce the possibility of analyte photolysis. These precautionary steps are particularly important when target compounds are at ultra-trace levels, as it may be difficult to delineate handling, storage and shipping-related contamination from analytes concentrated during the exposure. 

Product Release Criteria Specifications, test methods, storage and shipping conditions... 

Some materials are temperature sensitive and cannot tolerate extremes during storage and shipping. 

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