Stoney, George

Stoney George Johnstone 6 Straub John 156 Struzhkin Victor 827 Stwalley William C. 510 Suhai Sandor 486 Sun Cheng E. 764 Svensson Mats 309 Swirles Bertha 502 Sylvester James Joseph 333 Syrian Yakov Kivovich 524 Szabo Attila 426,565 Szalewicz Krzysztof 134, 135, 269, 270, 510,511, 717, 725,729,730 Szymahski Slawomir 52... 

The vast array of numbers, thousands of numbers, representing the wavelengths of these spectral lines required an explanation. Was there an underlying pattern If so, what was happening inside the atom to cause the observed pattern of spectral lines George Johnstone Stoney (1826-1911) proposed in a 1868 paper that spectral lines were caused by some kind of periodic motion inside the atom. Arthur Schuster (1851-1934) refuted Stoney s idea in 1881, but concluded, Most probably some law hitherto undiscovered exists. ... 

The use of the ending -on for the names of subatomic particles began with electron, a word that was coined in 1891 by the Irish physicist George J. Stoney (1826-1911) by modifying the word electric to come up with a name for the basic unit of electricity. This was six years before J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) actually measured the electron as a particle. 

Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who developed the theory of electricity and magnetism in the late 1800s, proposed that Faraday s laws required that one molecule of positive and negative electricity is involved in electrolysis. Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney believed in this molecule of electricity and set out to measure the definite quantity of electricity, called el. He suggested that if this unit of electricity was adopted, it would represent a very important step in our study of molecular phenomena. In 1891 Stoney referred to these charges as electrons. The controversy of the day then revolved around whether these electrons were waves or particles. 

Thomson did not give the eiectron its name. That was done in 1874 by an Irish scientist, George J. Stoney, who first caicuiated its charge even though he couid not prove it existed. 

As a physical chemist, George Stoney made significant contributions to our understanding of molecular motion. However, this Irish scientist is better known for assigning a name to negative atomic charges, electrons, while addressing the Royal Society of Dublin in 1891. 

Ever since the time of Faraday s laws of electrolysis (see page 90), it had seemed that electricity might be carried by particles. In 1891, the Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney (1826-1911) had even suggested a name for the fundamental unit of electricity, whether particle or not. He suggested the name electron. 

The existence of the electron was first proposed in 1874 by George Johnstone Stoney (National University of Ireland), who attempted to explain electrochemistry by suggesting the existence of a particle bearing a unit of charge. Stoney coined the term electron to describe this particle. In 1897, J. J. Thomson (Cambridge University) demonstrated evidence supporting the existence of Stoney s mysterious electron and is credited with discovering the electron. In 1916,... 

From these results, George Johnstone Stoney in 1874 concluded that electricity, like matter, consists of particles. He called the charge of a single particle of electricity the electron and estimated 10 coulomb (C) for the electronic charge, later corrected to 1.6 X 10" G. Electricity is thus a stream of electrons, each electron carrying 1.6 X 10" C of electricity. 

In 1897, by the method outlined in Figure 2-7(c), J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) established the ratio of mass (m) to electric charge (e) for cathode rays, that is, mje. Also, Thomson concluded that cathode rays are negatively charged fundamental particles of matter found in all atoms. (The properties of cathode rays are independent of the composition of the cathode.) Cathode rays subsequently became known as electrons, a term first proposed by George Stoney in 1874. 

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