Stimulants, adenosine

Harris, W.E. and Stahl, W.L. (1980). Oiganisation of thiol groups of electric eel electric organ Na/K ion stimulated adenosine triphosphatase, studied with bifunctional reagents. Biochem. J. 185, 787-790. 

T. K. Hodges, R, T. Leonard, C. E, Bracker, and T. W. Keenan, Purification of an ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase from plant roots association with plasma membranes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69 3307 (1972). 

Niclosamide inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and stimulates adenosine tripho-sphatese activity in the mitochondria of cestodes, killing the scolex and proximal segments of the tapeworm both in vitro and in vivo. The scolex of the tapeworm, then loosened from the gut wall, may be digested in the intestine and thus may not be identified in the stool even after extensive purging [90,91], Niclosamide is not appreciably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract [92,93] and the side effects have primarily been limited to gastrointestinal symptoms. 

Ip, Y.K., Lee, C.G.L., Low, W.P. and Lam, T.J. (1991). Osmoregulation in the mudskipper, Boleophthalmus boddaerti. 1. Responses of branchial cation activated and anion stimulated adenosine triphosphatases to changes in salinity. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 9,63-68. 

Thiazolidines have been reported to be a core scaffold for antiulcer compounds. La Mattina et al. have evaluated a series of 128 compounds belonging to 4-substituted-2-guanidino thiazoles (Fig. 12) against gastric hydrogen-potassium stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (H K -ATPase), a therapeutic target of anti-ulcer drugs [116]. 

Miller OV, Ayer DE, Gorman RR. Acetyl glycerylphosphorylcfaoline inhibition of prostaglandin Ij-stimulated adenosine 3 , 5 -cyclic monofdiosphate levels in human platelets evidence for Ihrmnboxane A2 dependence. Biodiera Biophys Acta 1982 711 445-451... 

Adenosine is released in a Ca -dependent manner by stimulation from rat cerebellar slices (Cuenod et al., 1989 Do et al., 1990). The stimulated release of adenosine was decreased by 60-70% in vermis and hemisphere, in slices from 3-acetylpyridine-treated rats, which may indicate that the released adenosine, at least in part, is released by climbing fibers. The climbing fiber-dependent adenosine release, however, occurs with some time delay after the stimulus. Adenosine, therefore, has been proposed to be derived from extracellular degradation of released nucleotides by ectonucleotidases. Inhibition of 5 -nucleotidase (5 -N) by a,y8-methylene-ADP and GMP, indeed, decreased stimulated adenosine release by 50-60%. 

Another mode of protein-electric field interaction has been proposed by Blank (18-21). Blank considers that the effects of an electric field on membrane protein mainly arise from its effect on the electric double layer at the water-membrane interface. In other words, an electric field can change the concentration of ions near a membrane protein, which results in a stimulation or a reduction in its activity. The surface compartmental model has been used to interpret the ac stimulated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) splitting of Na, K-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in various types of cells (19-21). 

Sprague, R. S., Ellsworth, M. L., Stephenson, A. H., Lonigro, A. J. Increases in flow rate stimulate adenosine triphosphate release from red blood cells in isolated rabbit lungs. Experimental Clinical Cardiology, 1998, 3, 73-77. 

M.E. Pullman, H.S. Penefsky, A. Datta, and E. Racker, Partial Resolution of the Enzymes Catalyzing Oxidative Phosphorylation. I. Purification and Properties of Soluble, Dinitrophe-nol-stimulated Adenosine Triphosphatase. J. Biol. Chem., 235,3322-3329,1960. 

II. Dinitrophenol-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity and fatty acid content of mouse liver mitochondria. Biochem, 5(12), 3904-3911. 

Miller, R. J., Horn, A. S., and Iversen, L. L., 1974, The action of neuroleptic drugs on dopamine-stimulated adenosine cyclic 3, 5 -monophosphate production in rat neostriatum and limbic forebrain. Mol. Pharmacol. 10 759-766. 

Pullman, M.E., Penefsky, H.S., Datta, A., Racker, E. Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation I. Purification and properties of soluble dinitrophenol-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase. J. biol. Chem. 235, 3322-3329 (1960)... 

Figure 7.42 Solubilization of microsomal constituents by increasing concentrations of (a) deoxycholate (b) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide Protein (O), chol terol (A), phospholipid phosphorus ( ), and Na -ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase ( ). Diagrams show the percentage of this constituent in the supernatant of the microsomal suspensions after treatment, as described by Bradford et al [194].

Travis, R. L. and Booz, M. L., 1979, Partial characterization of a potassium stimulated adenosine triphosphatase from plasma membrane of meristematic and mature soybean root tissue. Plant Physiol., 63 573. 

Turkington, R. W., 1962, Thyrotropin-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in isolated thyroid cell membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 65 386. 

Azhar, S., and Menon, K. M. J., 1978, Differential actions of gangliosides on gonadotropin and cholera enterotoxin stimulated adenosine 3 5 cyclic monophosphate dependent protein kinase in isolated rat ovarian cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 81 205. 

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