Steroids recent analytical applications

Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were among the first classes of chiral compounds investigated in the early stages of the application of macrocyclic antibiotics as chiral selectors therefore, they were screened on vancomycin [7], teicoplanin [30], ristocetin A [33] CSPs under RPmode systems, and on avoparcin CSP under NP mode systems [37]. The enantioresolution of a variety of pro fens was later reported on commercially available vancomycin CSPs [128, 168], and recently on a ME-TAG CSP [58]. Ibuprofen enantiomers were also separated on a CDP-1-containing CSP [55]. Glycopeptide A-40,926 CSP was successfully employed in the analytical and semipreparative separation of 2-arylpropionic acids [63]. 

Despite the distinct advantages of pneumatic nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers may alternatively be used, in some instances, with success. In a recent application, a variation of ultrasonic nebulizer called spray nozzle-rotating disk FTIR interface was successfully applied to confirm the presence of methyltestosterone, testosterone, fluoxymesterone, epitestosterone, and estradiol and testosterone cyp-ionate in urine, after solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase LC separation (151). Using a commercial infrared microscopy spectrometer, usable spectra from 5 ng steroid deposits could be readily obtained. To achieve success with this interface, phosphate buffers in the mobile phase were not used because these nonvolatile salts accumulate on the collection disk and their spectra tend to swamp out small mass deposits. Another limitation of the method was that only nonvolatile analytes could be analyzed because volatile compounds simply evaporated off the collection-disk surface prior to scanning. 

This chapter has concentrated on only the major derivative classes employed in GC-MS, and only a few examples of each could be mentioned. However, the literature, including the other chapters of the present handbook, contains an abundance of references and descriptions of other derivative types, many of which will have hidden mass spectrometric potential for particular applications. Trace analyses have been covered in depth for steroids [202] and cannabinoids [203] and in the application of NICI to drugs [204] and neurotransmitters [205]. A recent volume [206] includes a number of specialist chapters devoted to the application of mass spectrometry in different areas of biomedical research. It can be consulted for more in-depth information of work done with particular analyte classes, and contains a short overview of chemical derivatization for mass spectrometry, including some GC-MS examples [207], Comprehensive reviews by Evershed, covering developments and new applications of GC-MS, contain many references to derivati-... 

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